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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">50939</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2272-2026-26-2-475-490</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">YJDBZI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Contemporary society: the urgent issues and prospects for development</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Современное общество: актуальные проблемы и перспективы развития</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Managerial perceptions of educational reforms (based on the survey of Saint Petersburg school principals)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Управленческое восприятие реформ в системе образования (по материалам опроса директоров школ Санкт-Петербурга)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grishina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гришина</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru">доктор педагогических наук, заместитель директора</bio><email>giv0201@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belousov</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоусов</surname><given-names>Константин Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru">кандидат социологических наук, доцент кафедры</bio><email>beloysov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yashina</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яшина</surname><given-names>Мария Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru">кандидат социологических наук, доцент кафедры прикладной и отраслевой социологии</bio><email>mnya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Gymnasium No. 114 of the Vyborg district of Saint Petersburg</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Гимназия № 114 Выборгского района Санкт-Петербурга</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">K.D. Ushinsky Saint Petersburg Academy of Postgraduate Pedagogical Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургская академия постдипломного педагогического образования имени К.Д. Ушинского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>475</fpage><lpage>490</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Grishina I.V., Belousov K.Y., Yashina M.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Гришина И.В., Белоусов К.Ю., Яшина М.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grishina I.V., Belousov K.Y., Yashina M.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гришина И.В., Белоусов К.Ю., Яшина М.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/50939">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/50939</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Today schools go through a period of continuous reforms affecting management and pedagogical practices. In this context, the perception of change by school principals as key agents of educational policy is particularly significant. Researchers consider school principal leadership as a multidimensional phenomenon combining strategic thinking, pedagogical focus, social sensitivity, and a willingness to engage in collective reflection. Research on managerial leadership shows that principal’s effectiveness is determined by a combination of professional competencies and institutional context. The authors aimed at identifying types of managerial perception of reforms in education and factors influencing differences in principals’ assessments (N = 183 of Saint Petersburg school principals). The methodological basis of the study is the theory of resource conditions and managerial constraints, and approaches to educational policy sensemaking and enactment at the school level. Data analysis allowed to identify two typological groups of principals: “optimists” (48 %) and “skeptics” (52 %), who differ in their models of interpreting the reform agenda. Skeptics assess most changes in education as little or moderately significant, while optimists - as clearly significant. This perception of reforms is determined by the assessment of the principal’s professional tasks: skeptics more critically assess all tasks, emphasizing resource constraints. The most significant differences are observed in the areas of management and evaluation, primarily in the “independent assessment of education quality”: optimists see the greatest positive changes, while skeptics are more reserved. The study results show heterogeneity in managerial perception of reforms, pointing to two dominant managerial frames: “deficit-oriented management” and “development-oriented management”.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Современная школа переживает этап непрерывных реформ, затрагивающих управленческую и педагогическую практику. В этих условиях особую значимость приобретает восприятие изменений директорами школ как ключевыми агентами образовательной политики. В современной науке лидерство директора школы трактуется как многомерный феномен, объединяющий стратегическое мышление, педагогическую направленность, социальную чувствительность и готовность к коллективному осмыслению. Исследования управленческого лидерства показывают, что эффективность деятельности директора определяется сочетанием профессиональных компетенций и институционального контекста. Цель авторов - выявить типы управленческого восприятия реформ в системе образования и определить факторы, влияющие на различия в оценках директоров школ (N = 183 директора школ Санкт-Петербурга). Методологическое основание исследования - теории ресурсных условий, управленческих ограничений и осмысления образовательной политики. Анализ данных позволил выделить две типологические группы руководителей: «оптимисты» (48 %) и «скептики» (52 %), отличающиеся моделями интерпретации реформаторской повестки. Скептики - директора, оценивающие большинство перемен в системе образования как слабые или умеренно заметные, а оптимисты - как заметные в значительной степени. Причинами такого восприятия реформ является оценка профессиональных задач директора: скептики демонстрируют более критичные оценки всех задач, акцентируя ресурсные проблемы. Самые значительные расхождения относятся к сферам управления и оценки, в первую очередь по параметру «независимая оценка качества образования»: оптимисты видят наибольшие позитивные изменения, а как скептики более сдержаны. Результаты исследования демонстрируют неоднородность управленческого восприятия реформ и указывают на наличие двух доминирующих управленческих фреймов - «управления в условиях дефицита» и «управления, ориентированного на развитие».</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>school management</kwd><kwd>principal</kwd><kwd>educational reforms</kwd><kwd>managerial perception</kwd><kwd>deficit-oriented management</kwd><kwd>development-oriented management</kwd><kwd>educational policy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>управление школой</kwd><kwd>директор</kwd><kwd>образовательные реформы</kwd><kwd>управленческое восприятие</kwd><kwd>управление дефицитом</kwd><kwd>управление развитием</kwd><kwd>образовательная политика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkov V.N. 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