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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">50932</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2272-2026-26-2-369-379</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ZQIPER</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theory, Methodology and History of Sociological Research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Вопросы истории, теории и методологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Historical-futurological projects: Utopian models of V.F. Odoevsky and A.V. Chayanov</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Историко-футурологическое проектирование: утопические модели В.Ф. Одоевского и А.В. Чаянова</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никулин</surname><given-names>Александр Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru">кандидат экономических наук, директор Центра аграрных исследований</bio><email>harmina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trotsuk</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Троцук</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru">доктор социологических наук, профессор кафедры социологии Российского университета дружбы народов; ведущий научный сотрудник Центра аграрных исследований Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации и Центра фундаментальной социологии Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики»</bio><email>irina.trotsuk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>369</fpage><lpage>379</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Nikulin A.M., Trotsuk I.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Никулин А.М., Троцук И.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikulin A.M., Trotsuk I.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никулин А.М., Троцук И.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/50932">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/50932</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Fedorovich Odoevsky (1804-1869) and Alexander Vasilyevich Chayanov (1888-1937) are remarkable thinkers of the romantic school, like Ernst Theodor Hoffmann (with whom they are often compared), and wrote mystical-fantastical works in the spirit of a disturbingly ironic absurdity. As many romantics (Hoffmann was not only a brilliant writer but also a talented musician and a professional lawyer), Odoevsky and Chayanov had a surprisingly diverse range of interests: the writer Odoevsky professionally studied many social and natural science areas of his time [25], while the professor Chayanov was not only an agrarian economist but also a sociologist, political scientist and historian [18]. Although romantics are considered impractical and otherworldly, the Privy Councilor and Senator Odoevsky, like Chayanov, the Deputy Minister of Agriculture in the Provisional Government and later a key expert at the State Planning Committee and the People’s Commissariat of Land, actively and effectively participated in state-bureaucratic and public-cooperative projects. The article characterizes the utopian works of Odoevsky and Chayanov, which are stylized in the spirit of Hoffmann’s fantasies and raise questions of the romantic unity of man, society and nature in the face of unexpected natural and social catastrophes. To understand unknown future dangers and ways to overcome them, both utopias pay special attention to the paradoxes of studying and rethinking historical experience. Both authors aimed at projecting variants of progressive, sustainable future development of Russia based primarily on the improved selection of ruling and intellectual elites as a factor of public prosperity and scientific and cultural development. The fundamental difference between the historical-futurological worldviews of two utopias is the continuously conservative-monarchical system proposed by Odoevsky and the discontinuously revolutionary-democratic renewal of the future Russian society advocated by Chayanov.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Федорович Одоевский (1804-1869) и Александр Васильевич Чаянов (1888-1937) - замечательные мыслители романтического направления, подобно Эрнсту Теодору Гофману (с которым их часто сравнивают), создавшие мистическо-фантастические художественные произведения в духе тревожно-иронического абсурда. Как это свойственно многим романтикам (Гофман был не только гениальным писателем, но так же талантливым музыкантом и профессиональным юристом), Одоевскому и Чаянову было присуще удивительное разнообразие интересов: литератор Одоевский профессионально занимался целым спектром обществоведческих и естественнонаучных направлений своего времени [25], а профессор Чаянов не замыкался в границах аграрной экономики и был блестящим социологом, политологом и историком [18]. Хотя считается, что романтики - люди непрактичные, не от мира сего, тайному советнику и сенатору Одоевскому, как и товарищу министра земледелия во Временном правительстве, а затем и ключевому эксперту в Госплане и Наркомземе Чаянову, был свойственен социальный активизм эффективного участия в проектах государственно-бюрократического и общественно-кооперативного характера. В статье охарактеризованы утопические произведения Одоевского и Чаянова, стилизованные в духе гофмановских фантазий, которые ставили вопросы романтического единения человека, общества и природы перед лицом неожиданно возникающих природных и социальных катастроф. Для постижения неизведанных будущих опасностей и путей их преодоления в обеих утопиях особое внимание уделяется парадоксам изучения и переосмысления предшествующего исторического опыта. Причем оба автора стремились в своих утопиях спроектировать варианты прогрессивного устойчивого развития России будущего на основе, прежде всего, улучшающего отбора ее властных и интеллектуальных элит как неуклонно способствующего росту народного благосостояния и развитию науки и культуры. Коренное отличие историко-футурологического мироощущения двух утопий заключается в предлагаемом Одоевским непрерывно консервативно-монархическом устройстве и отстаиваемом Чаяновым прерывисто революционно-демократическом обновлении будущего российского общества.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>utopia</kwd><kwd>V.F. Odoevsky</kwd><kwd>A.V. Chayanov</kwd><kwd>projecting</kwd><kwd>futurology</kwd><kwd>historical experience</kwd><kwd>ruling and intellectual elites</kwd><kwd>Russian society</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>утопия</kwd><kwd>В.Ф. Одоевский</kwd><kwd>А.В. Чаянов</kwd><kwd>проектирование</kwd><kwd>футурология</kwd><kwd>исторический опыт</kwd><kwd>властные и интеллектуальные элиты</kwd><kwd>российское общество</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения научно-исследовательской работы государственного задания РАНХиГ.С</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The article was written on the basis of the RANEPA state assignment research program.</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Androsenko S.V. Nicholai Berdyaev’s thoughts on human freedom in the face of contemporary challenges: Technology, civilization and “the revolt of the masses”. Russian Peasant Studies. 2024; 9 (4). 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