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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48122</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2272-2025-25-4-734-749</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">KHVLXE</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Contemporary society: the urgent issues and prospects for development</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Современное общество: актуальные проблемы и перспективы развития</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Social-economic determinants of women’s reproductive health in Almaty (Kazakhstan)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Социально-экономические детерминанты репродуктивного здоровья женщин в Алматы (Казахстан)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bakytzhanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакытжанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru">докторант кафедры социологии и социальной работы</bio><email>ainurb1997@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alimbekova</surname><given-names>G. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алимбекова</surname><given-names>Г. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru">кандидат социологических наук, директор</bio><email>g.alimbekova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Toikko</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тойкко</surname><given-names>Тимо</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru">профессор социальных наук</bio><email>timo.toikko@uef.fi</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Al-Farabi Kazakh National University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казахский национальный университет им. Аль-Фараби</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Public Opinion Research Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр изучения общественного мнения</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Eastern Finland</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Восточной Финляндии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 25, NO4 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 25, №4 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>734</fpage><lpage>749</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-19"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Bakytzhanova A.A., Alimbekova G.T., Toikko T.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Бакытжанова А.А., Алимбекова Г.Т., Тойкко Т.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bakytzhanova A.A., Alimbekova G.T., Toikko T.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бакытжанова А.А., Алимбекова Г.Т., Тойкко Т.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/48122">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/48122</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the Almaty metropolitan area with the significant social-economic stratification, the relevance of the study is determined by the need to understand how household income affects women’s reproductive strategies and identity. The article aims at identifying the relationship between subjective well-being, financial difficulties, family plans and reproductive health symptoms of 18-49-year-old women in Almaty. The authors conducted a cross-sectional quantitative survey on a multi-layered random sample with face-to-face interviews (N=320 women from eight districts of the city. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation analysis, regressions, factor and cluster analyses revealed a positive correlation between financial difficulties and postponing a childbirth in the next 3-5 years, a negative correlation between well-being and physical discomfort, and a positive correlation between family plans and seeking medical help. Women with children are significantly more likely to report reproductive symptoms, which indicates the need for a better postnatal care. Household income is a key determinant of both specific reproductive decisions (timing and planning of childbirth, seeking medical care) and reproductive identity formation. The study combined quantitative methods with an emphasis on subjective assessments of well-being and analysis of health symptoms, which allows for assessing the targeted support measures: development of free and mobile services for low-income women, postnatal monitoring programs and educational campaigns on reproductive health under the social inequality in Almaty.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В Алматы, где ярко выражено социально-экономическое неравенство, актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью понять, как доход домохозяйства влияет на репродуктивные стратегии женщин и их репродуктивную идентичность. Цель исследования - выявить взаимосвязь между субъективной оценкой благополучия, частотой возникновения финансовых трудностей, планами по расширению семьи и проявлением симптомов репродуктивного здоровья у женщин 18-49 лет, проживающих в Алматы. Был применен перекрестный количественный анализ на данных, полученных с помощью метода личного опроса на многослойной случайной выборке (N=320 женщин из восьми районов Алматы). Описательная статистика, корреляционный анализ Спирмена, регрессии, факторный и кластерный анализы выявили положительную корреляцию между финансовыми трудностями и откладыванием планов деторождения на ближайшие 3-5 лет, отрицательную корреляцию между благополучием и физиологическим дискомфортом, положительную корреляциюмежду планами по расширению семьи и обращением за медицинской помощью. Женщины с детьми значительно чаще жалуются на репродуктивные симптомы, что указывает на необходимость улучшения послеродового ухода. Доход домохозяйств - ключевой фактор как конкретных репродуктивных решений (выбор времени и планирование деторождения, обращение за медицинской помощью), так и формирования репродуктивной идентичности. Особенность представленного в статье исследования - сочетание количественных методов с акцентом на субъективных оценках благополучия и анализом симптомов здоровья, что позволяет обоснованно предложить следующие меры целевой поддержки женщин: развитие бесплатных и мобильных услуг для женщин с низким уровнем дохода, программы постнатального мониторинга и информационно-просветительские кампании по вопросам репродуктивного здоровья в условиях социального неравенства в Алматы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reproductive determinants</kwd><kwd>reproductive behavior</kwd><kwd>social-economic inequality</kwd><kwd>household income</kwd><kwd>Almaty</kwd><kwd>economic sociology</kwd><kwd>women’s reproductive health</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>репродуктивные детерминанты</kwd><kwd>репродуктивное поведение</kwd><kwd>социально-экономическое неравенство</kwd><kwd>доходы домохозяйств</kwd><kwd>Алматы</kwd><kwd>экономическая социология</kwd><kwd>репродуктивное здоровье женщин</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Adekunle A.O., Arowojolu A.O., Adedimeji A.A., Roberts O.A. 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