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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">39926</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2272-2024-24-2-277-292</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">NQWWVN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theory, Methodology and History of Sociological Research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Вопросы истории, теории и методологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Vertical differentiation of the early non-Western societies: A factor of resource availability</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вертикальная дифференциация ранних незападных обществ: фактор обеспеченности ресурсами</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдов</surname><given-names>Сергей Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru">доктор социологических наук, профессор кафедры социологии и управления персоналом</bio><email>licurg@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg state University of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный экономический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 24, NO2 (2024)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 24, №2 (2024)</issue-title><fpage>277</fpage><lpage>292</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-07-09"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Davydov S.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Давыдов С.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Davydov S.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Давыдов С.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/39926">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/39926</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The article aims at explaining the influence of the resource factor on differentiation in the early non-Western societies. The author uses extensive historical and anthropological data and analytical tools of classical and contemporary sociological theories to prove that scientific works consider the sufficiency of life support resources as a significant factor in sociogenesis. However, the direction and mechanism of this factor are interpreted differently due to the qualitative features of societies under study. An increase in the number of life support resources could play a stimulating role in the complication of those social structures that had relatively developed production technologies, which allowed to institutionalize private ownership of the means of production, i.e., the growth of wealth led to an increased exchange and, accordingly, to social inequality and, ultimately, to the state. Social differentiation developed differently in societies that were forced to significantly increase their economic efficiency but did not have developed production technologies or could not borrow them from their neighbors, i.e., the population growth, not supported by an increase in labor productivity, led to a shortage of life support resources. Thus, people were forced to look for more effective forms of labor organization, such as the involvement of large masses of community members in solving general economic problems, which was best ensured by a hierarchical socialeconomic system with elements of coercion and planning. In some areas, population mastered irrigation farming technologies which further accelerated social differentiation. Within this new social structure, clan relations were preserved for some time but only as a means of legitimizing the new order. As vertically integrated relations strengthened, they ceased to need justification due to achieving legitimation and dominance.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Цель статьи - обоснование влияния ресурсного фактора на дифференциацию ранних незападных обществ. Автор использовал обширный исторический и антропологический материал и аналитические средства классических и современных социологических теорий и делает вывод, что в научной литературе достаточность жизненных средств рассматривается как значимый фактор социогенеза. Однако направленность и механизм действия этого фактора интерпретируются по-разному в силу качественного различия тех обществ, которые оказываются в фокусе внимания исследователей. Увеличение количества жизненных средств могло сыграть стимулирующую роль в процессе усложнения социальной структуры обществ, уже располагающих относительно развитыми производящими технологиями, делавшими возможным институциональное закрепление права частной собственности на средства производства. Здесь рост богатства приводил к активизации обмена и, соответственно, возникновению социального неравенства и в конечном счете государства. Иначе процесс социальной дифференциации протекал в обществах, вынужденных существенно повышать эффективность экономики, но не располагавших ни развитыми производящими технологиями, ни возможностью их заимствования у соседей. Здесь рост населения, не подкрепленный повышением производительности труда, приводил к дефициту жизненных средств. Для его преодоления люди были вынуждены искать более эффективные формы организации труда, предполагающие вовлечение больших масс общинников в решение общехозяйственных задач, что наилучшим образом обеспечивала иерархически организованная социально-экономическая система с элементами принуждения и планирования. В некоторых местностях население осваивало технологии ирригационного земледелия, что еще более ускоряло социальную дифференциацию. В рамках новой социальной структуры родовые отношения до поры сохранялись, однако лишь как средство легитимации нового порядка. По мере укрепления вертикально-интегрированные отношения переставали нуждаться в оправдании - получали легитимацию и становились господствующими.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vertical integration</kwd><kwd>productive economy</kwd><kwd>early non-Western societies</kwd><kwd>social hierarchy</kwd><kwd>social structure</kwd><kwd>life support resources</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вертикальная интеграция</kwd><kwd>производящее хозяйство</kwd><kwd>социальная иерархия</kwd><kwd>ранние незападные общества</kwd><kwd>социальная структура, ресурсы жизнеобеспечения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bott E. Power and rank in the Kingdom of Tonga. Journal of the Polynesian Society; 1981 (90).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Burrowa E.G., Spiro M.E. An Atoll Culture: Ethnography of Ifaluk in the Central Carolines. 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