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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">21684</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2272-2019-19-3-503-516</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Surveys, experiments, case studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Массовые опросы, эксперименты, кейс-стади</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Oromo national memories</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Национальная память народности оромо</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kumsa</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кумса</surname><given-names>Элемейху</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат социологических наук, профессор Университета Шкоды в Млада-Болеславе (Чехия)</p></bio><email>alemayehu.kumsa@is.savs.cz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Škoda Auto University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Шкоды</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 19, NO3 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 19, №3 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>503</fpage><lpage>516</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-09-11"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Kumsa A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Кумса Э.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kumsa A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кумса Э.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/21684">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/21684</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The author defines nation as a territorial community of nativity and attributes significance to the biological fact of birth into the historically evolving territorial structure of the cultural community of nation, which allows to consider nation as a form of kinship. Nation differs from other territorial communities such as tribe, city-state or various ‘ethnic groups’ not just by the greater extent of its territory, but also by a relatively uniform culture that provides stability over time [22. P. 7]. According to the historical-linguistic comparative studies, “in terms of the history of mankind it is incontrovertible that some of the earliest and greatest human achievements have been accomplished in civilizations founded and headed by Afro-Asiatic peoples” [28. P. 74]. The Oromo people is one of the oldest nations in the world with its own territory (Oromia) and language ( Afaan Oromoo ). The Oromo possess a common political culture ( Gadaa democracy) and pursue one national-political goal of independence to get rid of the Abyssinian colonialism. Oromo national memories consist of memories of independence and national heroism, memories of the long war against expansionist Abyssinian warlords and the Abyssinian invasion of the Oromo land in the 19th century with the new firearms received from the African co-colonizing Western European powers, and these weapons were used not only to conquer the Oromo land but to cut the Oromo population in half. The Oromo nation consider the colonization of their country, loss of their independence, and existence under the brutal colonial rule of Abyssinia to be the worst humiliation period in their national history. The article consists of two parts. In the first part, the author considers the theoretical background of such concepts as nation, national memory, conquest humiliation, and some colonial pejorative terms still used by colonial-minded writers (like tribe and ethnic groups). In the second part, the author describes the Oromo national political and social memories during their long history as an independent nation from the Middle-Ages to the last quarter of the 19th century; presents ‘the Oromo question’ through the prism of the global history of colonization, occupation of their territory, slavery, and the colonial humiliation of the Oromo nation by the most cruel and oppressive Abyssinian colonial system; presents the two last regimes of the Abyssinian system and the final phase of the Oromo National Movement for sovereignty, dignity, and peace, which contributed greatly to the stability in the Horn of Africa.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Автор определяет нацию как территориальное сообщество, исконно проживающее в конкретном регионе, и придает особое значение факту рождения в исторически развивающейся территориальной структуре данного культурного сообщества, что позволяет рассматривать нацию как особую форму родства. Нация отличается от иных форм территориальных сообществ (племени, города-полиса и различных «этнических групп») не только б о льшими размерами территории, но и относительной единой культурой, обеспечивающей нации устойчивость во времени [22. P. 7]. Сопоставительные историко-лингвистические исследования показывают, что «с точки зрения истории человечества неопровержимо, что некоторые самые ранние и великие достижения человечества были обретены в цивилизациях, которые основывали и возглавляли афро-азиатские народы» [28. P. 74]. Народность оромо - одна из древнейших в мире с собственной территорией (Оромией), языком (афаан оромо) и политической культурой (демократия гадаа), и в течение длительного времени она стремилась избавиться от абиссинского колониального правления. Национальная память оромо включает в себя воспоминания о колониальной зависимости и национальном героизме, о долгой войне против абиссинских военачальников и абиссинского вторжения на земли народности оромо в XIX веке благодаря новому вооружению, которое африканские колонизаторы получали от западно-европейских колониальных держав и использовали не только для захвата земель, но и уничтожения народности оромо, которая считает абиссинское колониальное правление периодом самого страшного унижения в своей национальной истории. Статья состоит из двух частей: в первой части автор работает с теоретической интерпретацией понятий «нация», «национализм», «унижение» и ряда уничижительных колониальных понятий, которые до сих пор используются в литературе (как «племя» и «этническая группа»). Во второй части автор реконструирует национальную социально-политическую память оромо как самостоятельной нации в период со средневековья до последней четверти XIX века; рассматривает «вопрос оромо» в контексте глобальной истории колониализма, захвата территории оромо и превращения их в рабов, истории унизительной колониальной зависимости от абиссинского деспотизма; характеризует два последних абиссинских политических режима и Национальное движение оромо за независимость, достоинство и мир, сыгравшее важную роль в стабилизации ситуации на территории Африканского рога.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>memory</kwd><kwd>nation</kwd><kwd>Oromo</kwd><kwd>national memories</kwd><kwd>identity</kwd><kwd>colonialism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>память</kwd><kwd>нация</kwd><kwd>народность оромо</kwd><kwd>национальная память</kwd><kwd>идентичность</kwd><kwd>колониализм</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Achebe C. 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