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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20562</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2272-2019-19-1-121-133</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Sociological lectures</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Социологический лекторий</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Social bots in political communication</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Социальные боты в политической коммуникации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilkova</surname><given-names>V V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василькова</surname><given-names>Валерия Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор философских наук, профессор кафедры социологии культуры и коммуникации Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета</p></bio><email>v.vasilkova@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Legostaeva</surname><given-names>N I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Легостаева</surname><given-names>Наталья Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат социологических наук, заместитель директора Центра социологических и интернет-исследований Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета</p></bio><email>n.legostaeva@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 19, NO1 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 19, №1 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>121</fpage><lpage>133</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-02-19"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Vasilkova V.V., Legostaeva N.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Василькова В.В., Легостаева Н.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasilkova V.V., Legostaeva N.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Василькова В.В., Легостаева Н.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/20562">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/20562</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In political communication, social bots are a new phenomenon of using automated algorithms that imitate behavior of real political agents in online social networks. The article presents a review of foreign and Russian approaches to the study of social bots. The authors identify three main thematic fields in the study of social bots: 1) types of social bots, 2) the use of bots in election campaigns, and 3) methods to detect bots. The article considers different types of social bots and concludes that in the political communication social bots’ typologies are based mainly on characteristics of their use (goals, functions, ways), which is determined by the aims of political agents that control social bots. The authors identify six key areas of using bots in the political communication: soft information wars; propaganda of pro-government position; astroturfing as a technology to create artificial public opinion; changing public opinion by constructing agents of influence or false public opinion leaders; delegitimization of government systems, support of opposition forces and civil society actors; setting agenda and political debates. The authors summarize the results of the analysis of bots’ usage in election campaigns (in the USA, Great Britain, Venezuela, Japan and other countries) and identify three main communication strategies based on bot-campaigns: 1) attracting supporters, 2) constructing a positive politician’s image, and 3) discrediting a political opponent. The comparative analysis of bots’ detection mechanisms showed that researchers use the same automated algorithms based on static and behavior characteristics but in different combinations. As bot accounts get more sophisticated and complex, the mixed method approach combining programming and social science methods will be developing too.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Социальные боты - новое явление в политической коммуникации, предполагающее использование автоматизированных алгоритмов, имитирующих поведение реальных политических агентов, представленных в онлайн социальных сетях. В статье представлен обзор основных подходов к изучению социальных ботов в зарубежной и отечественной литературе. Авторы выделяют три основные тематические области: 1) типология социальных ботов, 2) использование ботов в электоральных практиках, 3) методики выявления ботов. В статье рассматриваются разные типы социальных ботов, делается вывод, что типологии социальных ботов в политической коммуникации основаны преимущественно на параметрах их использования (цели, функции, способы), что связано с задачами стоящих за ними политических агентов. Авторы выделяют шесть основных направлений функционирования ботов в политической коммуникации: ведение «мягких информационных войн»; пропаганда проправительственной точки зрения; астротурфинг (технология создания искусственного общественного мнения); влияние на общественное мнение путем конструирования агентов влияния или ложных лидеров общественного мнения; делигитимация властных структур, поддержка оппозиционных сил и структур гражданского общества; формирование повестки дня, ведение политических дискуссий. Обобщая анализ использования ботов в электоральных практиках (на примере США, Великобритании, Венесуэлы, Японии и др.), авторы обозначают три основные реализуемые с их помощью коммуникативные стратегии: привлечение сторонников, конструирование позитивного имиджа кандидата, дискредитация конкурента. Проведенный сравнительный анализ методов обнаружения ботов показал, что исследователи используют схожие методы определения автоматизированных алгоритмов (на основе статичных и поведенческих признаков), но в разных комбинациях. По мере развития и усложнения природы бот-аккаунтов будут меняться и комбинированные методики идентификации ботов, объединяющие как методы программирования, так и методы социальных наук.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>social bots</kwd><kwd>political communication</kwd><kwd>manipulation</kwd><kwd>public opinion</kwd><kwd>electoral practices</kwd><kwd>methods for revealing bots</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социальные боты</kwd><kwd>политическая коммуникация</kwd><kwd>манипуляция</kwd><kwd>общественное мнение</kwd><kwd>электоральные практики</kwd><kwd>методики выявления ботов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alymov A.S., Baranyuk V.V., Smirnov O.S. 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