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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16802</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2272-2017-17-3-289-305</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theory, Methodology and History of Sociological Research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Вопросы истории, теории и методологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">AGRARIAN QUESTION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHIOPIA</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>АГРАРНЫЙ ВОПРОС И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА РАЗВИТИЕ ЭФИОПИИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kumsa</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кумса</surname><given-names>А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alemayehu.kumsa@fhs.cuni.cz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Charles University in Prague</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Карлов Университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 17, NO3 (2017)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 17, №3 (2017)</issue-title><fpage>299</fpage><lpage>305</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-09-16"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Kumsa A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Кумса А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kumsa A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кумса А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/16802">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/16802</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">Ethiopia was created by the Abyssinian King Menelik II in the late XIX century; he was the only African monarch to participate in the fight for Africa with the European states. He expanded his territory to the southern neighboring countries and colonized them. According to the historical facts, com-pared to other colonial conquests the Abyssinian colonization was the most brutal occupation in terms of number of people killed and sold in slavery. After the occupation, the land and the peoples of the new territory were divided among the Abyssinians. The new colonial landless subjects were forced to farm the land of the new landlords, to handover up to 75% of their agricultural products to the landlords. That is why the people struggled to regain their stolen land for decades. The slogan “Land to the tillers” of the stu-dent movement was secretly introduced by the Oromo President on the paper stamp of Haile Sellasie’s Parliament and the Oromo Chairman of the University Students Union Baro Tumsa. As D. Horowitz wrote about the 1974 Revolution “in Ethiopia, a major effect of a land reform was to take land from Amhara and distribute it to the Galla, and for a time the revolution is suspected of being a Galla plot” [19. P. 8]. The revolution was gradually highjacked from the colonized nations by the Abyssinian military elite. The revolution led to the land reform of 1975 that destroyed the colonial landlords; the military government nationalized the land but refused to redistribute it among the landless people. The state became the only landlord in the country, and the military government tried to destroy the Oromo national movement by reset-tling seven million Abyssinians on the Oromo territory and by moving the Oromo people to new villages to control them. The collective struggle of oppressed peoples overthrew the military government in 1991. The contemporary government formed and led by the Tigrean Liberation Front (TPLF) monopolized the military, political, ideological and economic power in the country. This group collaborates with a new ‘super-class’ of the world by selling the land of the colonized peoples. The author considers the land own-ership under three regimes of the Ethiopian government to answer the question “Why Ethiopia is one of the poorest countries in the world though it possesses large water resources, fertile land and hardworking people?”.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">Автор рассматривает влияние аграрного вопроса на историю Эфиопии, начиная с того момента, как она была создана абиссинским королем Менеликом II в конце XIX в. Фактически он стал един-ственным африканским монархом, который принял участие в борьбе за африканские территории наравне с европейскими державами: расширил границы своей империи, захватив и колонизировав территории южных соседей. По сравнению с прочими колониальными завоеваниями предпринятая абиссинским правителем колонизация была самой жестокой с точки зрения количества людей, кото-рые были убиты или проданы в рабство. После поглощения соседних территорий они вместе с населявшими их народностями были поделены между представителями абиссинской знати. Будучи лишены земельных наделов, жители колоний были вынуждены работать в поместьях новых земле- владельцев, отдавая им до 75% своей сельскохозяйственной продукции в качестве уплаты разно-образных повинностей, что породило мощное народное сопротивление. Лозунг «Землю - зем-ледельцам!» был предложен студенческому движению главой народности оромо в парламенте Хайле Селассие и руководителем Союза студентов, выходцем из оромо. Как отметил Д. Горовиц, опи-сывая революцию 1974 г., «в Эфиопии основным результатом земельной реформы стало перерас-пределение земли - она была отобрана у амхара и передана галла, поэтому некоторое время ре-волюцию подозревали в приверженности интересам галла» [19. С. 8]. Постепенно достижения революции были присвоены военной элитой. Революция позволила провести в 1975 г. земельную реформу, которая уничтожила колониальное землевладение; но правительство национализировало землю, отказавшись передать ее безземельному населению. Государство стало единственным зем-левладельцем и пыталось уничтожить национальное движение оромо посредством переселе-ния 7 млн абиссинцев на территории оромо, а оромо - в новые деревни. Массовое национальное движение свергло военное правительство в 1991 г., однако нынешнее правительство, сформиро-ванное и возглавляемое Народным фронтом освобождения тиграй (НФОТ), монополизировало во-енную, политическую, идеологическую и экономическую власть в стране и продает земли новому мировому «супер-классу». Автор рассматривает формы земельной собственности в Эфиопии при трех разных политических режимах, чтобы ответить на вопрос: почему Эфиопия - одна из бед-нейших стран мира, хотя располагает огромными водными ресурсами, плодородными землями и трудолюбивым населением?</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Abyssinia</kwd><kwd>Ethiopia colonialism</kwd><kwd>slavery</kwd><kwd>land tenure</kwd><kwd>land grabbing</kwd><kwd>gabbars</kwd><kwd>poverty</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Абиссиния</kwd><kwd>Эфиопия</kwd><kwd>колониализм</kwd><kwd>рабство</kwd><kwd>землевладение</kwd><kwd>захват земли</kwd><kwd>габары</kwd><kwd>бедность</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abdi M.M. A History of the Ogaden (Western Somali) Struggle for Self-Determination. Lightning Source; 2007.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Almond G.A., Powell B.G. (eds.). Comparative Politics. 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