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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16801</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2272-2017-17-3-267-288</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theory, Methodology and History of Sociological Research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Вопросы истории, теории и методологии</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">THE ART OF NOT BEING GOVERNED: ORALITY, WRITING, AND TEXTS</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИСКУССТВО БЕЗГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ЖИЗНИ: УСТНАЯ ТРАДИЦИЯ, ПИСЬМЕННОСТЬ И ТЕКСТЫ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Scott</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скотт</surname><given-names>Дж</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>james.scott@yale.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yale University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Йельский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 17, NO3 (2017)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 17, №3 (2017)</issue-title><fpage>267</fpage><lpage>288</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-09-16"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Scott J.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Скотт Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Scott J.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Скотт Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/16801">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/16801</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">The article presents a fragment of the book by J. Scott devoted to Zomia - an expanse of 2.5 million square kilometers containing about one hundred million minority peoples of truly bewil-dering ethnic and linguistic variety; what makes it interesting is its ecological variety as well as its relation to states. Zomia is the largest remaining region of the world whose peoples until recently have not been fully incorporated into nation-states. Its days are numbered. Not so very long ago, however, such self-go-verning peoples were the great majority of humankind. Today, they are seen from the valley kingdoms as “our living ancestors,” “what we were like before we discovered wet-rice cultivation, Buddhism, and civiliza-tion.” On the contrary, hill peoples are best understood as runaway, fugitive, maroon communities who have, over the course of two millennia, been fleeing the oppressions of state-making projects in the val-leys - slavery, conscription, taxes, corvee labor, epidemics, and warfare. Virtually everything about these people’s livelihoods, social organization, ideologies, and (more controversially) even their largely oral cul-tures, can be read as strategic positionings designed to keep the state at arm’s length. Their physical disper-sion in rugged terrain, their mobility, their cropping practices, their kinship structure, their pliable ethnic identities, and their devotion to prophetic, millenarian leaders effectively serve to avoid incorporation into states and to prevent states from springing up among them. Most of the peoples dwelling in the massif seem to have assembled a comprehensive cultural portfolio of techniques for evading state incorporation while availing themselves of the economic and cultural opportunities its proximity presented. Their broad reper-toires of languages and ethnic affiliations, their capacity for prophetic reinvention, their short and/or oral genealogies, and their talent for fragmentation all form elements in their formidable travel kit.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">Данная статья представляет собой фрагмент книги Дж. Скотта, посвященной Зомии - так автор обозначает практически все территории, расположенные на высоте более чем триста метров над уровнем моря, протянувшиеся от центральных высокогорий Вьетнама до северо-востока Индии и пересекающие пять государств Юго-Восточной Азии (Вьетнам, Камбоджу, Лаос, Таиланд и Бирму) и четыре провинции Китая (Юньнань, Гуйчжоу, Гуанси и частично Сычуань). Вплоть до недавнего времени (примерно до середины ХХ в.) это пространство было заселено сотней миллионов пред-ставителей различных меньшинств, формирующих изумительную по своему этническому и лин-гвистическому разнообразию общность, интересную не только своим экологическим разнообразием, но и взаимоотношениями с окружающими государствами. Зомия - крупнейший из сохранившихся на Земле регионов, чьи народы до относительно недавних пор не были поглощены национальными государствами. Сегодня ее дни сочтены, хотя еще совсем недавно подобные самоуправляющиеся общности составляли большую часть человечества. Равнинные государства воспринимают их как «живых предков», тех, «кем они сами были до того, как изобрели поливное рисоводство, буддизм и цивилизацию». Автор же, наоборот, считает, что жителей гор следует воспринимать как сообщест-ва беглецов и бродяг, сознательно выбравших для жизни необитаемые территории и в течение двух тысячелетий спасавшихся от угнетения, с которым было сопряжено государственное строи-тельство на равнинах, - от рабства, воинской повинности, налогов, барщины, эпидемий и войн. Практически все в жизни населяющих эти зоны народов, включая социальную организацию, идео-логию и (что более спорно) в основном устную культуру, следует воспринимать как стратегические решения, принятые, чтобы удержать государство на расстоянии. Большинство народов, прожива-ющих в горном массиве Зомии, видимо, собрали достаточно внушительный культурный набор способов, позволяющих уклоняться от поглощения государством, но при этом пользоваться всеми экономическими и культурными возможностями, которые гарантирует соседство с ним. Обширный репертуар языков и этнических принадлежностей, способность к собственному переизобретению согласно пророческим откровениям, короткие и/или устные генеалогии и талант к фрагментации - вот базовые «вещи» в их внушительном дорожном наборе, которые и будут рассмотрены ниже.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Zomia</kwd><kwd>statelessness</kwd><kwd>state building</kwd><kwd>self-governing community</kwd><kwd>flight from the state</kwd><kwd>oral tradition</kwd><kwd>(non)literacy</kwd><kwd>civilization and barbarism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Зомия</kwd><kwd>безгосударственность</kwd><kwd>государственное строительство</kwd><kwd>самоуправ-ляющаяся общность</kwd><kwd>бегство от государства</kwd><kwd>устная традиция</kwd><kwd>(бес)письменность</kwd><kwd>цивилизация и варварство</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Andaya B.W. 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