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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">14808</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Contemporary society: the urgent issues and prospects for development</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Современное общество: актуальные проблемы и перспективы развития</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The causes of Islamic fundamentalist violent movements in postcolonial Nigeria</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Причины появления агрессивных исламских фундаменталистских движений в постколониальной Нигерии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kumsa</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кумса</surname><given-names>Эйлмейеху</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>alemayehu.kumsa@fhs.cuni.cz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Šubrt</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубрт</surname><given-names>Иржи</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>jiri.subrt@ff.cuni.cz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Charles University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Карлов университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 16, NO4 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 16, №4 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>755</fpage><lpage>768</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-12-29"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, A Kumsa, J Šubrt</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Кумса Э., Шубрт И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">A Kumsa, J Šubrt</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кумса Э., Шубрт И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/14808">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/14808</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nigeria is one of the first African states to be confronted with the violent Islamist fundamentalist group popularly known as Boko Haram. It declared war on the Nigerian secular state in 2009, and implements a program, if successful, to transform the country into an Islamic theocratic state led by sharia (Islamic law), in the country where only half of the population are Muslims. The article starts with clarification of the structure of the Nigerian society from the linguistic perspective, and from the point of view of political cultures of different societies, which were colonized and came under one British colonial rule to 1960. This study analyses the history of Islamist fundamental movements starting from the late 1970s, and focuses on the latest such group - Boko Haram. The authors examine the social, economical, and political causes of the brutal violent conflict in the northeastern Nigeria, which was the heartland of the pre-colonial Kanem Bornu state and the center of Kanuri national culture. Finally, the authors identify social and political causes of the developmental chain of Salafist movements, particularly from 2009 when Boko Haram declared war against the Nigerian state in order to transform it into an Islamic caliphate; thus, there was a catastrophic human rights violation by the Nigerian Army in the name of fighting the Boko Haram terrorists. The authors do not suggest any decisions and do not provide any final conclusions - they admit the uncertainty of the current situation in Nigeria and call for the further research of internal politics tendencies under the new government led by President Buhari, who can either continue to solve the problems of the country by aggressive military means as two previous presidents of Nigeria, or, on the contrary, can prefer peaceful and conciliatory measures.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Нигерия первой из африканских стран столкнулась с проявлениями агрессивного исламского фундаментализма - со стороны группы, широко известной как Боко Харам. Она объявила войну нигерийскому светскому государству в 2009 г., и с тех пор стремится воплотить в жизнь программу превращения страны в исламское теократическое государство, жизнь которого будет регулироваться мусульманским правом (шариатом), несмотря на то, что лишь половина населения исповедует ислам. В начале статьи авторы описывают структуру нигерийского общества с лингвистической точки зрения, а затем и в контексте политических различий тех обществ, которые длительное время существовали как отдельные британские колонии и только в 1960 г. стали едиными независимым государством Нигерия. Далее авторы переходят к анализу истории исламских фундаменталистских движений, которые появились в Нигерии в конце 1970-х гг., фокусируясь в основном на последней по времени возникновения подобной группе - Боко Харам. Авторы перечисляют социальные, экономические и политические причины жестокого насильственного конфликта на северо-востоке Нигерии, где находился центр доколониального государства Канем-Бору и сердце национальной культуры канури. Авторы называют социальные и политические причины, давшие импульс постепенному развитию салафитских движений, в частности причины того, почему в 2009 г. Боко Харам объявила войну нигерийскому государству и заявила, что превратит его в исламский халифат; отвечая на этот вызов, нигерийская армия совершала чудовищные преступления, нарушая права человека во имя борьбы с террористами из Боко Харам. В заключение статьи авторы не предлагают конкретных решений и не делают окончательных выводов, а наоборот, признают неопределенность нынешней ситуации в Нигерии и призывают к дальнейшему изучению внутренней политики страны под руководством нового правительства во главе с Президентом Мохаммаду Бухари, который может пойти либо путем двух своих предшественников на посту президента Нигерии, применяя насильственные военные меры, либо, наоборот, избрав мирный путь.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>conflict</kwd><kwd>violence</kwd><kwd>post-colonialism</kwd><kwd>fundamentalism</kwd><kwd>military means</kwd><kwd>religion</kwd><kwd>government</kwd><kwd>Nigeria</kwd><kwd>Boko Haram</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>конфликт</kwd><kwd>насилие</kwd><kwd>постколониализм</kwd><kwd>фундаментализм</kwd><kwd>военные средства</kwd><kwd>религия</kwd><kwd>правительство</kwd><kwd>Нигерия</kwd><kwd>Боко Харам</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abimbola Adesoji. 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