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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Sociology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Социология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2272</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8897</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumamba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">14008</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Sociological lectures</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Социологический лекторий</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evolution of sociological explanations of fatherhood: From H. Spencer to R. Connell</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эволюция социологических объяснений отцовства: от Г. Спенсера до Р. Коннела</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipasova</surname><given-names>A N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липасова</surname><given-names>Александра Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>lipasova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University - Higher School of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 16, NO3 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 16, №3 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>637</fpage><lpage>648</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-11-02"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, A N Lipasova</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Липасова А.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">A N Lipasova</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Липасова А.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/14008">https://journals.rudn.ru/sociology/article/view/14008</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The author considers and compares several approaches to the concept of fatherhood in the Western sociological tradition: biological determinism, social constructivism and biosocial theory. The issue of fatherhood and men’s parental practices are marginalized in the Russian social studies of the family, which reinforces the traditional inequality in family relations when the father’s role is considered secondary compared to the mother’s. However, in the Western critical men’s studies there are several periods: development of “sex roles” paradigm (biological determinism), emergence of the hegemonic masculinity concept, inter-disciplinary stage (biosocial theory). According to the biological determinism, the role of a father is that of the patriarch, he continues the family line and serves as a behavioral model for his ascendants. Social constructivism considers man’s functions in the family from the point of view of masculine pressure and hegemony over the woman and children. Biosocial theory aims to unite the biological determinacy of fatherhood with its social, cultural and personal context. The article shows that these approaches are directly connected with the level of social development, perception of marriage and family institutions, and the level of gender order egalitality.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье анализируются и сравниваются несколько подходов к понятию отцовства, присутствующих в западной социологической традиции: биологический детерминизм, социальный конструктивизм и биосоциальная теория. Проблематика отцовства и родительских практик мужчин маргинализирована в современных российских социальных исследованиях, посвященных семейной тематике, и этот факт закрепляет традиционное неравенство в семейных отношениях, когда роль отца считается вторичной по сравнению с материнской ролью. В западных «критических» мужских исследованиях, напротив, можно выделить несколько этапов: развитие «поло-ролевой» парадигмы (биологический детерминизм), возникновение концепции гегемонной маскулинности, междисциплинарный этап (биосоциальная теория). В соответствии с подходом биологического детерминизма отец выступает как патриарх, продолжатель рода и ролевая модель для преемников. Социальный конструктивизм рассматривает функции мужчины в семье с точки зрения маскулинного давления и утверждения гегемонии над женщиной и детьми. Биосоциальная теория стремится объединить биологическую детерминированность отцовства с социальным, культурным и личностным контекстом. В статье показано, что эти подходы непосредственно связаны с уровнем развития общества, отношением к институтам семьи и брака, уровнем эгалитарности гендерного порядка.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fatherhood</kwd><kwd>gender</kwd><kwd>family institution</kwd><kwd>biological determinism</kwd><kwd>sex roles theory</kwd><kwd>social constructivism</kwd><kwd>biosocial theory</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>отцовство</kwd><kwd>гендер</kwd><kwd>институт семьи</kwd><kwd>биологический детерминизм</kwd><kwd>теория половых ролей</kwd><kwd>социальный конструктивизм</kwd><kwd>биосоциальная теория</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Beauvoir S. Vtoroj pol [The Second Sex]. M.: Progress, 1997.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">[1]	De Beauvoir S. Vtoroj pol [The Second Sex]. 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