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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Теория языка. Семиотика. Семантика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2299</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1236</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">51170</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2299-2026-17-1-85-100</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HOETWJ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SEMIOTICS AND SEMANTICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕМИОТИКА И СЕМАНТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Polysemous Word Semantic Integrity: General Significance Formation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Семантическая целостность многосемного слова: формирование общего значения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3728-2561</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56642709800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">GQA-3089-2022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pesina</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Песина</surname><given-names>Светлана Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sc. (Philology), Professor of the Department of Linguistics and Translation at the Institute of Humanitarian Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры лингвистики и перевода Института гуманитарного образования</p></bio><email>a.publ1@profpubl.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1249-971X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">JLM-6228-2023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sanzharova</surname><given-names>Olga N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Санжарова</surname><given-names>Ольга Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sc. (Philology), Professor of the Department of Linguistics and Translation at the Institute of Humanitarian Education, North-West Institute of Management</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры лингвистики и перевода Института гуманитарного образования, Северо-Западный институт управления</p></bio><email>a.publ1@profpubl.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-275X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57188834928</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAC-6046-2020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakharova</surname><given-names>Natalia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахарова</surname><given-names>Наталья Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sc. (Philology), Professor of the Department of Linguistics and Translation at the Institute of Humanitarian Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры лингвистики и перевода Института гуманитарного образования</p></bio><email>a.publ1@profpubl.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7679-843X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57189319730</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">A-5148-2016</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tomin</surname><given-names>Vitaly V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Томин</surname><given-names>Виталий Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sc. (Philology), Professor of the Department of Linguistics and Translation at the Institute of Humanitarian Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры иностранных языков Института гуманитарного образования</p></bio><email>a.publ1@profpubl.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3036-1906</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">JNR-8231-2023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Faibushevskii</surname><given-names>Maxim V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Файбушевский</surname><given-names>Максим Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sc. (Philology), Professor of the Department of Linguistics and Translation at the Institute of Humanitarian Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры романских языков и перевода Института гуманитарного образования</p></bio><email>a.publ1@profpubl.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6890-3682</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">JNR-8226-2023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsytsarkina</surname><given-names>Natalia N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыцаркина</surname><given-names>Наталья Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры кафедра русской и зарубежной филологии гуманитарного института</p></bio><email>a.publ1@profpubl.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Магнитогорский государственный технический университет имени Носова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Orenburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Оренбургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University of Economics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный экономический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kurgan State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Курганский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-09"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Pesina S.A., Sanzharova O.N., Sakharova N.S., Tomin V.V., Faibushevskii M.V., Tsytsarkina N.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Песина С.А., Санжарова О.Н., Сахарова Н.А., Томин В.В., Файбушевский М.В., Цыцаркина Н.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pesina S.A., Sanzharova O.N., Sakharova N.S., Tomin V.V., Faibushevskii M.V., Tsytsarkina N.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Песина С.А., Санжарова О.Н., Сахарова Н.А., Томин В.В., Файбушевский М.В., Цыцаркина Н.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/semiotics-semantics/article/view/51170">https://journals.rudn.ru/semiotics-semantics/article/view/51170</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hypotheses in the field of polysemous words functioning in the lexicon attract the attention of modern researchers. Currently, there is widespread support for the “checklist” theory of their meanings functioning as unconnected units. The introduced in the article hypothesis reflects the connectionist approach to the problem. A justification for the concepts of “General significance” and “Lexical invariant” is proposed. The aim of the study is to create a lexical invariant model of a polysemous word based on its empirical invariant-component analysis. Lexical invariant is represented as a set of basic dominant components that form the word semantic core. Based on the methods of comparative and component analysis, the concept of “General significance” is verified. A long-standing debate about its existence is presented. The empirical invariant-component method was used to analyze the semantics of a polysemous word key. The correlated dominant metaphorical clusters proved the semantic integrity of a word structure. The proposed hypothesis has a number of advantages over the “checklist” theory. It explains the reasons for lexical meanings boundaries uncertainty, revealing the patterns of schematization in lexical networks. In the process of decoding polysemous words, the communicator does not consider all semantic components of a word. The obtained results can be applied in compiling dictionaries. Lexical invariants can serve didactic purposes in vocabulary expansion.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Гипотезы в области функционирования многозначных слов в лексиконе привлекают внимание современных исследователей. В настоящее время широко распространена теория «контрольного списка», согласно которой их значения функционируют как несвязанные единицы. Представленная в статье гипотеза отражает коннекционистский подход к проблеме. Предложено обоснование понятий «общая значимость» и «лексический инвариант». Цель исследования - создание лексической инвариантной модели многосемного слова на основе его эмпирического инвариантно-компонентного анализа. Лексический инвариант представлен как совокупность основных доминантных компонентов, образующих семантическое ядро слова. На основе методов сравнительного и компонентного анализа проверено понятие «общая значимость». Представлена многолетняя дискуссия о его существовании. Для анализа семантики многозначного слова «ключ» использован эмпирический метод инвариантных компонент. Коррелированные доминантные метафорические кластеры доказывали семантическую целостность структуры слова. Предложенная гипотеза имеет ряд преимуществ перед теорией «контрольного списка». Объясняются причины неопределенности границ лексических значений, выявляются закономерности схематизации в лексических сетях. В процессе декодирования многозначных слов коммуникант не учитывает все смысловые компоненты слова. Полученные результаты могут быть применимы при составлении словарей. Лексические инварианты могут служить в дидактических целях при расширении словарного запаса.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>general significance</kwd><kwd>mental and speech lexicon</kwd><kwd>polysemous word</kwd><kwd>lexical cluster</kwd><kwd>lexical invariant</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>семантика</kwd><kwd>общее значение</kwd><kwd>ментально-речевая лексика</kwd><kwd>многозначное слово</kwd><kwd>лексический кластер</kwd><kwd>лексический инвариант</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд, проект «Когнитивно-прагматический и инвариантный подхо-ды к изучению современных культурно-территориально маркированных слов, использу-емых жителями Челябинской области, с созданием русско-английского словаря реалий Южного Урала», https://rscf.ru/en/project/22-18-20022/</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation, “Cognitive-pragmatic and invariant approaches to the study of modern culturally and territorially marked words used by residents of the Chelyabinsk region, with the creation of a Russian-English dictionary of the South Ural realities”, https://rscf.ru/en/project/22-18-20022/</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Falcum, I.L., &amp; Vicente, A. 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