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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Теория языка. Семиотика. Семантика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2299</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1236</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">51168</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2299-2026-17-1-44-58</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HFFLZK</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SEMIOTICS AND SEMANTICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СЕМИОТИКА И СЕМАНТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Story of One Word: Studying the Semantics of Loanwords Through Digital Footprints</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>История одного слова: потенциал цифровых следов в изучении семантики заимствований</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4970-5584</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57217070423</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1972-7723</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alyunina</surname><given-names>Yulia M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алюнина</surname><given-names>Юлия Матвеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Philology, Ph.D. in Lexicology and Multilingual Terminology and Translation, Assistant Professor at the Department of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Philology, Specialist at the Scientific and Educational Institute of Modern Languages, Intercultural Communication and Migration</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат филологических наук, Ph.D. in Lexicology and Multilingual Terminology and Translation, ассистент кафедры иностранных языков филологического факультета, специалист Научно-образовательного Института современных языков, межкультурной коммуникации и миграций</p></bio><email>alyunina-yum@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-09"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Alyunina Y.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Алюнина Ю.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alyunina Y.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алюнина Ю.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/semiotics-semantics/article/view/51168">https://journals.rudn.ru/semiotics-semantics/article/view/51168</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Description of the potential of digital traces for studying the dynamics of semantic changes in Anglicisms in the Russian language using the tool Google Ngram was conducted on the material of the electronic library Google Books. The aim of the study is to propose an algorithm for working with the Russian-language segment of the Google Books library in order to study the dynamics of semantic changes of the borrowed word. The example of the lexeme лофер(ы) proposes a methodology of work using the tool Google Ngram to determine the status of a foreign word in the language-recipient across its different meanings at different stages of development of the language. The tested methodology allows to conclude that the status of the unit лофер(ы) has changed in Russian from an exoticism in the meaning of idler, loafer to an Anglicism in the meaning of shoes. At the same time, the initial borrowing of the word лофер in the meaning of idler, loafer into Russian in the 19th century did not affect the formal stability of the Anglicism лоферы/лоуферы in the meaning of shoes in modern Russian. The proposed procedure for analyzing borrowed vocabulary based on digital traces can be used in lexicology, lexicography, and etymology, as it allows resolving disputed cases regarding the period of a lexeme’s entry into the recipient language, its meaning, and status in the receiving language.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Описание потенциала цифровых следов для изучения динамики семантических изменений у англицизмов в русском языке с помощью инструмента Google Ngram было проведено на материалах электронной библиотеки Google Books. Цель исследования - предложить алгоритм работы с русскоязычным сегментом библиотеки Google Books для изучения динамики семантических изменений заимствованного слова. На примере лексемы лофер(ы) предлагается методология работы с помощью инструмента Google Ngram для определения статуса иноязычного слова в языке-реципиенте в разных значениях на разных этапах развития языка. Апробированная методология позволяет сделать вывод о том, что статус единицы лофер(ы) изменился в русском языке от экзотизма в значении бездельник до англицизма в значении обувь. При этом первичное вхождение заимствования лофер в значении бездельник в русский язык XIX в. не повлияло на формальную устойчивость англицизма лоферы/лоуферы в значении обувь в современном русском языке. Предложенная процедура анализа заимствованной лексики на материале цифровых следов может быть использована в лексикологии, лексикографии, а также этимологии, поскольку позволяет решить спорные случаи о периоде вхождения лексемы в язык-реципиент, ее значении и статусе в принимающем языке.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anglicisms</kwd><kwd>lexical borrowings</kwd><kwd>lexical semantics</kwd><kwd>digital footprint</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>англицизм</kwd><kwd>лексическое заимствование</kwd><kwd>лексическая семантика</kwd><kwd>цифровой след</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках проекта № 050751-0-000 Системы гранто- вой поддержки РУДН.</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">This publication has been supported by the RUDN University Scientific Projects Grant System, project № 050751-0-000.</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer, R. 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