<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Теория языка. Семиотика. Семантика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2299</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1236</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">45166</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2299-2025-16-1-101-116</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">PJMTTN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FUNCTIONAL SEMANTICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ СЕМАНТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Translation of Compounds with the Meaning ‘warrior’ in “Beowulf”</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перевод копмаундов со значением ‘warrior’ в поэме «Беовульф»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9080-3058</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">J-8619-2017</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7162-9848</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prosyannikova</surname><given-names>Olga I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Просянникова</surname><given-names>Ольга Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr.Sc. (Philology), Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Foreign Languages and Professional Communication</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой иностранных языков и профессиональной коммуникации</p></bio><email>olgapros@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3198-5765</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAE-1111-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1001-6737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skorik</surname><given-names>Kseniya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скорик</surname><given-names>Ксения Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Philology, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Foreign Languages and Professional Communication</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат филологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры иностранных языков и профессиональной коммуникации</p></bio><email>myenglishprof@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pushkin Leningrad State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ленинградский государственный университет им. А.С. Пушкина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-07-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>116</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-21"><day>21</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Prosyannikova O.I., Skorik K.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Просянникова О.И., Скорик К.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prosyannikova O.I., Skorik K.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Просянникова О.И., Скорик К.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/semiotics-semantics/article/view/45166">https://journals.rudn.ru/semiotics-semantics/article/view/45166</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The poem ‘Beowulf’, being an example of poetic creativity of the Anglo-Saxon period of English literature development, is of interest for linguists studying the process of linguistic transformation that takes place during interlingual translation. This article deals with the problem of translating Anglo-Saxon compounds with the meaning of ‘warrior’ in the poem ‘Beowulf’ into modern English. The Anglo-Saxon language is characterised by bicompound words, kennings and compounds, which in modern English do not always retain their structure and are replaced by a monosyllabic word close in meaning. The aim of the article is to analyse the translation of compounds by different translators, to study the linguistic means used in the author’s translations. A comparison of the translation of the basic and determinative components by different means is given. Special attention is paid to the examples of preserving the two-component structure, compounds with the subject noun as determiner, the variants of translation with the use of calques, with the transfer of evaluative connotation are analysed. The characteristic features of translation of a compound with replacement by an attributive construction are singled out and described. On the basis of the analysis, frequent basic components forming five or more compounds and productive determiners, as well as situational compounds are identified. As a result, it is found that the two-joint compound model is replaced by a one-joint word in most cases, the two-joint model with the use of calque is retained for compounds with semantic connection on the basis of subject possession, and the model with a prepositional compound is also used. The article analyses the translations of compounds made by five translators and summarises the features of the translators’ choice.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Поэма «Беовульф», являясь образцом поэтического творчества англосаксонского периода развития английской литературы, представляет интерес для лингвистов, изучающих процесс языковой трансформации, имеющей место при межязыковом переводе. В данной статье рассматривается проблема перевода англосаксонских компаундов со значением «warrior» в поэме «Беовульф» на современный английский язык. Англосаксонскому языку свойственны двусоставные слова, кеннинги и компаунды, которые в современном английском языке не всегда сохраняют структуру и заменяются односоставным словом, близким по значению. Целью статьи является анализ перевода компаундов различными переводчиками, изучение языковых средств, используемых в авторских переводах. Дается сравнение перевода базового и детерминирующего компонентов различными средствами. Особое внимание уделено примерам сохранения двухкомпонентной структуры, компаундам с предметным существительным в роли определителя, анализируются варианты перевода с использованием калькирования, с передачей оценочной коннотации. Выделяются и описываются характерные особенности перевода компаунда с заменой на атрибутивную конструкцию. На основании анализа выделены частотные базовые компоненты, образующие по пять и более компаундов, и продуктивные определяемые, а также ситуативные компаунды. В результате установлено, что двусоставная модель компаунда в большинстве случаев заменяется односоставным словом, двусоставная модель с использованием калькирования сохраняется для компаундов с семантической связью по признаку владения предметом, применяется также модель с предложным сочетанием. В статье приведен анализ переводов компаундов, выполненных пятью переводчиками, и дана обобщенная характеристика особенностей выбора переводчиков.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>kenning</kwd><kwd>Anglo-Saxon language</kwd><kwd>interlingual translation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кеннинг</kwd><kwd>древнеанглийский язык</kwd><kwd>перевод</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakobson, R. (1985). Selected works. Moscow: Progress. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Якобсон Р. Избранные работы. М. : Прогресс, 1985.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steiner, G. (1975). After Babel. Aspects of Language and Translation. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steiner G. After Babel. Aspects of Language and Translation. Oxford and New York : Oxford University Press. 1975.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinogradov, V.S. (2001). Introduction to translation studies (general and lexical problems). Moscow: Izd. Instituta obshchego i srednego obrazovaniya RAO. (In Russ.). EDN: CCCECZ</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виноградов В.С. Введение в переводоведение (общие и лексические вопросы). М. : Изд-­во Института общего и среднего образования РАО, 2001. EDN: CCCECZ</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nelyubin, L.L. (2003). Explanatory dictionary for translation. Moscow: Flinta. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нелюбин Л.Л. Толковый переводоведческий словарь. М. : Флинта, 2003. EDN: CCCECZ</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorov, A.V. (1983). The basics of general translation theory. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федоров А.В. Основы общей теории перевода. М. : Высшая школа, 1983.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khukhuni, G.T. (2003). Cross cultural adaptation of fiction text. Moscow: Prometej. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хухуни Г.Т. Межкультурная адаптация художественного текста. М. : Прометей, 2003. EDN: QQUOML</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis, K. (2014). Intralingual Translation and the Making of a Language. A Companion to Translation Studies, (4), 586–598. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118613504.ch44</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis K. Intralingual Translation and the Making of a Language // A Companion to Translation Studies. 2014. № 4. P. 586–598. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118613504.ch44</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birkett, T. (2022). On engliscre spræce? Old English and the politics of intralingual translation. Palimpsestes, (36). https://doi.org/10.4000/palimpsestes.7638. URL: https://publish.ucc.ie/profiles/A014/tbirkett (accessed: 10.03.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birkett T. On engliscre spræce? Old English and the politics of intralingual translation // Palimpsestes. 2022. № 36. [Электронный ресурс] Режим доступа: https://publish.ucc.ie/profiles/A014/tbirkett (дата обращения: 10.06.2024). https://doi.org/10.4000/palimpsestes.7638 EDN: YIJTWL</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magennis, H. (2011). Translating Beowulf: Modern Versions in English Verse. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magennis H. Translating Beowulf: Modern Versions in English Verse. Cambridge : D.S. Brewer, 2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Davis, K. (2001). Deconstruction and Translation. Manchester: St. Jerome Publ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Davis K. Deconstruction and Translation. Manchester : St. Jerome, 2001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niles, J.D. (1993). Rewriting Beowulf: The Task of Translation. College English, 55(8), 858–878.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niles J.D. Rewriting Beowulf: The Task of Translation // College English. 1993. Vol. 55. № 8. Р. 858–878. https://doi.org/10.58680/ce19939263</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baeva, M.P. (2016). THE Peculiarities of Translation 0f Kennings in Anglo-­Saxon Poem “Beowulf”. Bulletin of Moscow Region State University. Series: Linguistics, (4), 110–118. (In Russ.). EDN: WPZGNN</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баева М.П. Особенности перевода кеннингов англосаксонской поэмы «Беовульф» // Вестник Московского государственного областного университета. Серия. Лингвистика. 2016. № 4. C. 110–118. https://doi.org/10.18384/2310-712X-2016-4-110-118 EDN: WPZGNN</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baeva, M.P. (2019). Leksiko-­stilisticheskie osobennsti diahronicheskogo perevoda na materiale anglosaksonskoj poemy “Beovul’f” [PhD thesis]. Mytishchi. (In Russ.). EDN: RQGXJJ</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баева М.П. Лексико-­стилистические особеннсти диахронического перевода на материале англосаксонской поэмы «Беовульф» : дисс. … канд. филол. наук. Мытищи, 2019. EDN: RQGXJJ</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Broz, V. (2011). Kennings as blends and prisms. Jezikosloije, 12(2), 165–186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Broz V. Kennings as blends and prisms // Jezikosloije. 2011. № 12(2). P. 165–186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pesina, S.A., &amp; Karamysheva, E.A. (2014). System of kennings in Old English language. Fundamental research, (12), 140–144. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Песина С.А., Карамышева Е.А. Система кеннингов в древнеанглийском языке // Фундаментальные и прикладные исследования: проблемы и результаты. 2014. № 12. C. 140–144. EDN: SEKQRT</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karlo, M. (2018). Old English Verse in Modern Translation: Beowulf by Seamus Heaney, J.R.R. Tolkien and F.B. Gummere. URL: https://core.ac.uk/download/198156029.pdf (accessed: 10.03.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karlo M. Old English Verse in Modern Translation: Beowulf by Seamus Heaney, J.R.R. Tolkien and F.B. Gummere. [Электронный ресурс] 2018. Режим доступа: https://core.ac.uk/download/198156029.pdf (дата обращения: 10.06.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitchel, B., &amp; Robinson, F.C. (1998). Beowulf. An Edition. Oxford: Blackwell.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitchel B., Robinson F.C. Beowulf. An Edition. Oxford : Blackwell, 1998.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee, A. (1998). Gold-­Hall and Earth-­Dragon: Beowulf as Metaphor. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee A. Gold-­Hall and Earth-­Dragon: Beowulf as Metaphor. Toronto : University of Toronto Press, 1998. https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442675407</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gardner, T. (1969). The Old English kenning: A characteristic feature of Germanic poetical diction? Modern Philology, 67(2), 109–117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gardner T. The Old English kenning: A characteristic feature of Germanic poetical diction? // Modern Philology. 1969. № 67(2). P. 109–117.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klaeber, F. (1950). Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg. Boston: D.C. Heath.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klaeber F. Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg. Boston : D.C. Heath, 1950. https://doi.org/10.1515/bgsl.1950.1950.72.120</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnickij, A.I. (1955). Old English language. Moscow: Izd-­vo literatury na inostrannyh yazykah. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирницкий А.И. Древнеанглийский язык. М. : Изд-­во литературы на иностранных языках, 1955.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Truevceva, O.N. (1986). English language: peculiarities of nomination. Leningrad: Nauka. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Труевцева О.Н. Английский язык: особенности номинации. Ленинград : Наука, 1986.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
