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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Теория языка. Семиотика. Семантика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2299</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1236</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">36456</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2299-2023-14-3-719-731</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LBQIYY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>COGNITIVE RESEARCH</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КОГНИТИВНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Linguistic Means of Constructing ‘Enemy Number One’ in the US Cold War Cinema</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Лингвистические средства конструирования образа «врага номер один» в кинематографе США</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2501-9894</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8785-2770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikova</surname><given-names>Marina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликова</surname><given-names>Марина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Philology, Associate Professor in the Department of English in Philology and Arts</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат филологических наук, доцент, кафедра английского языка в сфере филологии и искусств, Факультет иностранных языков</p></bio><email>m.kulikova@spbu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5944-9668</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">35096463200</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">E-2527-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6502-7446</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Riabov</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябов</surname><given-names>Олег Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Philosophy); Professor; Leading Researcher at Department of History and Social Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор философских наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник, Институт истории и социальных наук</p></bio><email>Riabov1@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный педагогический университет им. А.И. Герцена</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">LINGUOCOGNITIVE AND LINGUOCULTURAL MODELLING   OF TEXT AND DISCOURSE</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ЛИНГВОКОГНИТИВНОЕ И ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРНОЕ  МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ В ТЕКСТЕ И ДИСКУРСЕ</issue-title><fpage>719</fpage><lpage>731</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-21"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Kulikova M.N., Riabov O.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Куликова М.Н., Рябов О.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kulikova M.N., Riabov O.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Куликова М.Н., Рябов О.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/semiotics-semantics/article/view/36456">https://journals.rudn.ru/semiotics-semantics/article/view/36456</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The study examines how the US Cold War cinema employed linguistic means to construct images of the USSR and American communists. The research relevance is determined by: the need to study the techniques of creating the enemy image as one of the crucial issues in international relations; and the importance of the topic amidst the aggravation of Russia- US relations. The study aims at analysing the usage of linguistic means in such practices of constructing/deconstructing the images of ‘enemy number one’ as dehumanisation of the enemy, its normalisation, domestication, and rehumanisation. The research novelty lies in the fact that, for the first time, the language as a resource for constructing enemy images in the Cold War films is analysed. The material for the study makes American films of the 1940s-1960s, in which contaminated speech for depicting Soviet characters is extensively used. Particular attention is paid to the means of creating speech portraits of Soviet characters. The research methods used are descriptive, linguistic, and sociolinguistic methods, and discourse analysis. The authors conclude that linguistic means (primarily linguistic competences and accent) were instrumental for creating enemy images in the cinematic Cold War. Linguistic otherness served as a means of emphasising second-rate culture, which in turn was intended to mark political foreignness. Linguistic means helped fulfil functions of the enemy image: showing its otherness; depriving it of the linguistic abilities as an essential attribute of humanity, helping dehumanise it; emphasizing its civilisational inferiority; and making the enemy comical. Finally, attention is drawn to the fact that the cinematic image of ‘enemy number one’ contributed to the hierarchisation of languages; everything Russian was associated with communism and therefore perceived as inferior and hostile.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Кинематограф США периода холодной войны использовал лингвистические средства в конструировании образов СССР и американских коммунистов. Актуальность исследования определяется как необходимостью изучения приемов создания образа врага в качестве одной из важнейших проблем международных отношений, так и значимостью темы в условиях обострения российско-американских отношений. Цель исследования - анализ включения лингвистических средств в такие практики конструирования образов «врага номер один» (а также их деконструкции), как дегуманизация врага, его нормализация, доместикация и регуманизация. Впервые на материале американских фильмов 1940-1960-х гг. анализируются репрезентации языка в качестве ресурса создания кинообразов врага холодной войны. Особое внимание уделено средствам создания речевых портретов советских персонажей. В исследовании применены описательный метод, а также методы лингвистического, социолингвистического и дискурс-анализа. Авторы приходят к выводу, что лингвистические средства (прежде всего языковые компетенции и акцент) стали важным ресурсом создания образов врага в кинематографической холодной войне. Языковые отличия служили средством внушения идеи второсортности советской культуры, что, в свою очередь, было маркированием политической чужеродности. Лингвистические средства способствовали реализации функций образа врага: показывали его инаковость; лишали его языковых способностей как важнейшего атрибута человечности, то есть дегуманизировали врага; подчеркивали собственное цивилизационное превосходство; делали врага комичным. Кроме того, установлено, что языковой портрет «врага номер один» вносил вклад в иерархизацию языков; русский язык ассоциировался с коммунизмом, а потому позиционировался как низшее и как враждебное.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>image of Russia</kwd><kwd>enemy image</kwd><kwd>linguistic means of stylisation</kwd><kwd>phonetic stylisation</kwd><kwd>contaminated speech of foreigners</kwd><kwd>accent</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>холодная война</kwd><kwd>образ России</kwd><kwd>образ врага</kwd><kwd>лингвистические средства стилизации</kwd><kwd>фонетическая стилизация</kwd><kwd>контаминированная речь иностранцев</kwd><kwd>акцент</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 22-18-00305, https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-00305/).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 22-18-00305, https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-00305/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Rieber, R.W. &amp; Kelly, R.J. 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