RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and SemanticsRUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and SemanticsВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Теория языка. Семиотика. Семантика2313-22992411-1236Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)2278310.22363/2313-2299-2019-10-4-1021-1036SEMOTICS AND COMMUNICATIONСЕМИОТИКА И КОММУНИКАЦИЯResearch ArticleCross-situational Consistency of Female Politicians’ Language UseМодели коммуникативного поведения женщины-политикаMukhortovDenis S.МухортовДенис Сергеевич

PhD in Philology, Associate Professor of the Department of English Linguistics, Faculty of Philology

кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры английского языкознания

dennismoukhortov@mail.ruMalyavinaYana S.МалявинаЯна Станиславовна

Department of English Linguistics, Faculty of Philology

кафедра русского языка как иностранного

yana_m3@mail.ruLomonosov Moscow State UniversityМГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова15122019104Linguistic Semantics and Semiotics. Literary Text StudiesЛингвистическая семантика, лингвосемиотика и текстология1021103603022020Copyright ©; 2019, Mukhortov D.S., Malyavina Y.S.Copyright ©; 2019, Мухортов Д.С., Малявина Я.С.2019Mukhortov D.S., Malyavina Y.S.Мухортов Д.С., Малявина Я.С.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/semiotics-semantics/article/view/22783

This article seeks to study political discourses of American female politicians, specifically Madeleine Albright, the first female United States Secretary of State in the history of the United States of America, from 1997 to 2001, Condoleezza Rice, the 66th United States Secretary of State, and Hillary Clinton, the 67th United States Secretary of State. Different in age, ethnicity, political views, educational and social backgrounds, they reveal that in order to succeed in the political arena, women are bound to hide their female personality. Examples in question are Madeline Albright and Condoleezza Rice, recurrent users of such male discursive features as rhetorical questions, logical order of arguments, conceptual metaphors of war, sports, and hunting. Gender-marked female discourse is characterized by hesitation, use of standard speech, cognitive, social words, and hedges. Research shows that Hilary Clinton is a typical example of the female-marked political discourse. This has enabled her to pursue, among others, a feminist agenda, which has proved an efficient communicative tactic. Drawing on the socialization specifics of Albright, Rice, and Clinton, the paper explains why Albright and Rice tend to have a male-marked discourse and Clinton a female-marked discourse, as the first female Secretary of State, Albright simply had no female role models, with only male predecessors before her. She seeks to make her speech as neutral as possible, just at times exploiting female discursive patterns. Condoleezza Rice, Albright’s successor, uses characteristically male discourse the most. It can be attributable to the fact that she belongs to two ‘minority’ groups: women and African Americans. Sounding femalish might have weakened her chances to stay the strong Secretary of State that the geopolitical situation would demand. It is noteworthy that female politicians can, or have to, switch between male-marked and female-marked discourses in order to achieve certain goals and preserve their current status.

Данная статья посвящена исследованию идиолектов Государственных секретарей США, а именно: Мадлен Олбрайт - первой женщины-госсекретаря в истории США, находящейся на посту с 1997 по 2001 год, Кондолизы Райс, шестьдесят шестого Государственного секретаря, и Хиллари Клинтон, шестьдесят седьмого госсекретаря, отличающихся с точки зрения этнических и возрастных особенностей данных женщин-политиков, их политических и идеологических воззрений, образовательного бэкграунда и социального происхождения. В ходе исследования было выявлено, что женщина вынуждена использовать классический (так называемый мужской) тип риторики, скрывая свой женский идиолект, чтобы преуспеть на политическом поприще. Это особенно заметно на примере идиолектов Мадлен Олбрайт и Кондолизы Райс. Эти женщины-политики часто прибегают к использованию мужского типа риторики, который характеризуется: а) точностью формулировок и структурной четкостью, выражающейся, главным образом, в использовании слов-связок; б) рекуррентным появлением риторических вопросов; в) специфической эмоционально-экспрессивной лексикой, которая репрезентируется, в частности, концептуальными метафорами, связанными с войной, охотой и спортом. В ходе исследования было доказано, что политики, к примеру, Хиллари Клинтон, успешно ведущие феминистский политический курс, склонны прибегать к коммуникативно типично женскому виду риторики. На примере речей Хиллари Клинтон в статье получают освещение некоторые типичные особенности женской речи: некатегорические высказывания, использование хедж-маркеров, употребление лексики, относящейся к разряду социальной и когнитивной языковой подсистемы. Подводя итог, можно сказать, что у каждой из женщин были свои причины для использования того или иного типа коммуникативного поведения: Мадлен Олбрайт была первой женщиной в истории США на посту Государственного секретаря, соответственно, она стремилась сделать свою речь как можно более нейтральной, потому что в то время еще не существовало примеров того, как может говорить женщина на столь высоком политическом посту. Кондолиза Райс использует преимущественно мускулинный тип дискурса, так как она является представительницей сразу двух меньшинств: гендерного и этнического. Очевидно, использование женской коммуникативной модели едва ли повысило бы ее авторитет. Необходимо отметить, что женщины-политики зачастую вынуждены переключаться между двумя гендерно-маркированными коммуникативными типами, чтобы достичь определенных целей и сохранить свое политическое положение.

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