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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Language Studies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Language Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Русистика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2618-8163</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8171</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">47697</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2618-8163-2025-23-4-566-589</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MUHNUD</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Key Issues of Russian Language Research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Актуальные проблемы исследований русского языка</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Russian differential object marking in Spanish speakers learning Russian as a second language</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дифференцированное маркирование объекта в русской речи испаноговорящих учащихся</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-4144</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">42861993600</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">K-9871-2013</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9800-6563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Madariaga</surname><given-names>Nerea</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мадарьяга</surname><given-names>Нереа</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Linguistics, Associate Professor at the Department of Classical Stu-dies, Coordinator of the Section of Slavic Philology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ph.D. (лингвистика), доцент кафедры классических исследований, координатор секции славянской филологии</p></bio><email>nerea.madariaga@ehu.es</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4686-5598</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57194502949</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">Q-6419-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1327-5805</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimova</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. in Philological Sciences, Researcher at the Research Computing Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат филологических наук, научный сотрудник лаборатории автоматизированных лексикографических систем Научно-исследовательского вычислительного центра</p></bio><email>anastasiagerasimova432@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4439-0613</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">55660727100</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">P-2563-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2108-4296</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyutikova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лютикова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Dr. Habil. in Philological Sciences, Professor at the Department of Theoretical and Applied Linguistics at the Philological Faculty</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры теоретической и прикладной лингвистики филологического факультета</p></bio><email>lyutikova2008@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Страны Басков</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>566</fpage><lpage>589</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Madariaga N., Gerasimova A.A., Lyutikova E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Мадарьяга Н., Герасимова А.А., Лютикова Е.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Madariaga N., Gerasimova A.A., Lyutikova E.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мадарьяга Н., Герасимова А.А., Лютикова Е.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-language-studies/article/view/47697">https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-language-studies/article/view/47697</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study investigates a key assumption in generative linguistics about the dual nature of the grammatical case and its two distinct operations, syntactic or abstract case matching and morphological case ascription. The relevance of this study lies in its provision of experimental evidence demonstrating that these two operations can be analysed as distinct procedures, yielding differentiated outcomes when examined from the perspective of acquisition. The Spanish and Russian languages use Differential Object Marking (DOM) for animate direct objects, in most cases, in similar syntactic positions. However, Russian has more complex morphological conditions for using case patterns, particularly in DOM. The aim of this study is twofold: (i) to examine possible asymmetries between syntactic and morphological case operations in Spanish speakers with partial knowledge of Russian cases, and (ii) to determine whether the intricate syntax-morphology interface of Russian DOM presents specific challenges to L2 learners compared to other case positions. The authors conducted an experiment to assess the accuracy of case acquisition among young adult Spanish learners of Russian as a second language (L2) who live in Spain compared to adult native Russian speakers living in Russia. The materials of the study comprised a balanced selection of Russian DOM constructions (target stimuli) in contrast with sentences with alternative syntactic contexts and filler items to ensure variability. The research has shown that Spanish-speaking L2 learners experience significant difficulties while acquiring Russian case, especially with regard to the DOM. Consequently, L2 acquisition is vulnerable in contexts where the syntactic — morphological interface is not the same in the two languages. Future research will examine the difficulties in acquiring Russian DOM among speakers of languages without DOM (e.g., German or English) and assess whether DOM in a learner’s first language (L1) undergoes a congruency effect in L2 acquisition.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассмотрен один из центральных постулатов генеративной лингвистики — двойственная природа грамматического падежа, а именно, существование двух различных синтаксических операций: маркирование именной группы синтаксическим падежом и присвоение морфологической падежной формы. Актуальность исследования определяется необходимостью экспериментального обоснования различий между данными операциями и их представления в контексте проблемы усвоения как самостоятельных процедур, приводящих к отличным промежуточным результатам в ходе синтаксической деривации. Испанский и русский языки демонстрируют дифференцированное объектное маркирование (DOM) в случае одушевленных существительных, а также имеют сходные синтаксические позиции для именных групп. Однако в русском языке на падежные формы накладываются значительно более сложные морфологические условия, особенно в области DOM. Цели исследования: а) выявить возможную асимметрию между синтаксической и морфологической падежными операциями при неполном овладении русской падежной системой испаноязычными учащимися; б) определить, препятствуют ли усложненные взаимосвязи между синтаксисом и морфологией усвоению DOM в русском языке по сравнению с другими падежными позициями. В рамках исследования применен экспериментальный метод, направленный на оценку точности освоения падежных форм у молодых взрослых носителей испанского языка, изучающих русский язык как иностранный и проживающих в Испании, в сравнении с данными контрольной группы взрослых носителей русского языка, проживающих в России. В качестве экспериментального материала использовался специально сбалансированный набор русских конструкций с DOM (целевые стимулы), которые были противопоставлены предложениям, представляющим иные синтаксические контексты, а также набору элементов-филлеров, которые обеспечивали разнообразие стимулов. Исследование показало, что испаноязычные обучающиеся испытывают значительные трудности в усвоении русской падежной системы, причем особенно сложными для них оказываются конструкции с DOM. Это свидетельствует о том, что усвоение иностранного языка особенно затруднено в тех случаях, когда отсутствует прямое соответствие между синтаксическим и морфологическим уровнями языка. В дальнейших исследованиях следует изучить успешность усвоения русских конструкций с DOM носителями языков, в которых отсутствует DOM (например, немецкого или английского), чтобы оценить, приводит ли наличие данной особенности в родном языке к эффекту структурного соответствия.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>L2</kwd><kwd>case marking</kwd><kwd>language acquisition</kwd><kwd>morphological case</kwd><kwd>abstract case</kwd><kwd>differential object marking</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>падежные маркеры</kwd><kwd>освоение русского языка как иностранного</kwd><kwd>морфологическая форма падежа</kwd><kwd>синтаксический падеж</kwd><kwd>дифференцированное объектное маркирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Работа Н. Мадарьяги (разработка исследования, анализ результатов и подготовка статьи) выполнена при поддержке исследовательского проекта PID2021-124769NB-I00, финансируемого MCIN / AEI /10.13039/501100011033 / ERDF A Way of making Europe, а также исследовательской группы IT1534-22, финансируемой правительством Страны Басков. Работа Е.А. Лютиковой и А.А. Герасимовой (анализ данных и редактирование рукописи) проведена при поддержке Программы развития МГУ, проект № 23-Ш02-10 «Языковая компетенция носителей естественного языка и нейро-сетевых моделей».</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The work of N. Madariaga, who designed the study, interpreted the results and prepared the manuscript, has been supported by the research project PID2021-124769NB-I00 funded by MCIN / AEI /10.13039/501100011033 / ERDF A Way of making Europe, and the research group IT1534-22 funded by the Basque Government. The work of E.A. Lyutikova and A.A. Gerasimova, who performed data analysis and edited the manuscript, was carried out with the support of MSU Program of Development, Project No 23-SCH02-10 “Linguistic Competence of Natural Language Speakers and Neural Network Models”.</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Aissen, J. (2003). Differential object marking: Iconicity vs. economy. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 21, 435–448. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024109008573 EDN: EQPHRD</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Argus, R. (2015). On the acquisition of differential object marking in Estonian. Revue Roumaine de Linguistique, 60(4), 403–420. EDN: NCIGFW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Artoni, D., &amp; Magnani, M. (2015). 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