<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Language Studies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Language Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Русистика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2618-8163</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8171</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">36379</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2618-8163-2023-21-3-278-292</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">SQRQSW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Key Issues of Russian Language Research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Актуальные проблемы исследований русского языка</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Lexical features of Russian speech of bilinguals in Germany and monolinguals in Russia: an experimental study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Лексические особенности русской речи билингвов в Германии и монолингвов в России: экспериментальное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-064X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovrizhkina</surname><given-names>Daria G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коврижкина</surname><given-names>Дарья Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Pedagogy, research laboratory assistant, Faculty of Philology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат педагогических наук, лаборант-исследователь, филологический факультет</p></bio><email>dasha2509@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4818-1205</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Moskovkin</surname><given-names>Leonid V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Московкин</surname><given-names>Леонид Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Pedagogy, Professor, Honorary Worker of Education of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Russian as a Foreign Language and Its Teaching Methodology, Faculty of Philology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор педагогических наук, профессор, почетный работки сферы образования Российской Федерации, профессор кафедры русского языка как иностранного и методики его преподавания, филологический факультет</p></bio><email>moskovkin.leonid@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Linguistic and linguodidactic issues of bilingualism</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Лингвистические и лингводидактические проблемы билингвизма</issue-title><fpage>278</fpage><lpage>292</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-15"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Kovrizhkina D.G., Moskovkin L.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Коврижкина Д.Г., Московкин Л.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovrizhkina D.G., Moskovkin L.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коврижкина Д.Г., Московкин Л.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-language-studies/article/view/36379">https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-language-studies/article/view/36379</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The results of the comparison of lexical features of Russian speech of four groups of respondents are presented: 1) adult Russian-German bilinguals aged 35-50 who moved to Germany in the 1990-2010s; 2) their children aged 10-15 who were born in Germany or moved to Germany at an early age; 3) adult monolinguals aged 35-50 living in St. Petersburg; 4) their children aged 10-15. The relevance of the research is, on the one hand, in the importance of studying the state of the Russian language in the families of Russian compatriots living abroad, its preserving and developing, and on the other hand, in the need to supplement the existing data on the speech development of bilinguals with new facts. The research is aimed at comparing lexical features of Russian speech of two generations of bilinguals in Germany and monolinguals in Russia. The material of the research includes transcripts of picture story recordings from the book of M. Mayer “Frog, where are you?”. The methods of the research are observation, data systematization and statistical processing, comparison, quantitative and qualitative interpretation of data. The authors found out the average proportion of lexical norms violations in the stories of informants and among them the proportion of word substitutions, word omissions and superfluous words insertion. The types of word substitutions, their percentage, and their reasons were determined. The similarity of lexical norms violations in the speech of children (bilingual and monolingual), conditioned by general laws of speech development, was revealed. The conclusion is made about the relatively stable Russia lexical system in the diaspora, at least in the two groups of Russian-German bilinguals studied, and about its similarity with the lexical system of monolinguals. Some parts of the lexical system of the Russian language of bilingual children aged 10-15 years undergo changes, but these changes do not violate its integrity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Представлены результаты сравнения лексических особенностей русской речи четырех групп информантов: 1) взрослых русско-немецких билингвов в возрасте 35-50 лет, переселившихся в Германию в 1990-2010-х гг.; 2) их детей в возрасте 10-15 лет, родившихся в Германии или прибывших в Германию в раннем возрасте; 3) взрослых монолингвов в возрасте 35-50 лет, проживающих в Санкт-Петербурге; 4) их детей в возрасте 10-15 лет. Актуальность исследования обусловлена, с одной стороны, важностью изучения состояния русского языка в семьях российских соотечественников, проживающих за рубежом, его сохранения и развития, с другой - необходимостью пополнения существующих данных о речевом развитии билингвов новыми фактами. Цель исследования - сравнение лексических особенностей русской речи двух поколений билингвов в Германии и монолингвов в России. Материалом исследования послужили транскрипты записей рассказов по картинкам из книги М. Майера «Лягушка, где ты?». В качестве методов применялись наблюдение, систематизация и статистическая обработка данных, сравнение, количественная и качественная интерпретация данных. Выявлена средняя доля отклонений от лексических норм в рассказах информантов, в том числе доли замен слова, пропусков слов и вставок лишних слов. Определены виды замен слова, их процентное соотношение, факторы, обусловливающие их появление. Установлено сходство отклонений от лексических норм в речи детей (билингвов и монолингвов), обусловленное действием общих законов речевого развития. Сделан вывод об относительно стабильном состоянии лексической системы русского языка в диаспоре (по крайней мере в двух исследуемых группах русско-немецких билингвов) и о ее сходстве с лексической системой монолингвов. Отдельные участки лексической системы русского языка детей-билингвов 10-15 лет подвергаются изменениям, которые тем не менее не нарушают ее целостность.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>experiment</kwd><kwd>Russian language</kwd><kwd>lexical system</kwd><kwd>norm deviations</kwd><kwd>bilingualism</kwd><kwd>Russian-German bilinguals</kwd><kwd>Russian monolinguals</kwd><kwd>intergenerational changes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>русский язык</kwd><kwd>лексическая система</kwd><kwd>отклонения от норм</kwd><kwd>билингвизм</kwd><kwd>русско-немецкие билингвы</kwd><kwd>русские монолингвы</kwd><kwd>межпоколенческие изменения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by the Russian Science Foundation grant (project No. 21-48-04401 “Russian language in Germany: intergenerational changes”).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда (проект № 21-48-04401 «Русский язык в Германии: межпоколенческие изменения»).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anstatt, T. (2010). Kognitive Strategien Zweisprachiger: Lösungen lexikalischer Probleme im Russischen bilingualer Kinder und Jugendlicher. In T. Anstatt &amp; B. Norman (Eds.), Die slavischen Sprachen im Licht der kognitiven Linguistik (pp. 217-239). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горбаневский М.В., Караулов Ю.Н., Шаклеин В.М. Не говори шершавым языком. О нарушениях норм литературной речи в электронных и печатных СМИ. 3-е изд. М. : РУДН, 2010. 300 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S., &amp; Polinsky, M. (2013). Heritage languages and their speakers. Opportunities and challenges for linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics, 39(3-4), 129-181. https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2013-0009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Купина Н.А. Предисловие // Культурно-речевая ситуация в современной России. Екатеринбург : Изд-во Уральского ун-та, 2000. С. 3–12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brehmer, B., Kurbangulova, T., &amp; Winski, M. (2016). Measuring lexical proficiency in Slavic heritage languages: A comparison of different experimental approaches. In T. Anstatt, A. Gattnar &amp; Ch. Clasmeier (Eds.), Slavic Languages in Psycholinguistics: Chances and Challenges for Empirical and Experimental Research (pp. 225-256). Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанов Е.Н. Русская городская речь в полилингвокультурном пространстве Одессы : автореф. дис. … д-ра филол. наук. Киев, 2013. 37 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bylund, E. (2009). Maturational constraints and first language attrition. Language Learning, 59(3), 687-715. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2009.00521.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Химик В.В. Поэтика низкого, или Просторечие как культурный феномен. СПб. : Филологический факультет Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета, 2000. 272 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Czapka, S., Topaj, N., &amp; Gagarina, N. (2021). A four-year longitudinal comparative study on the lexicon development of Russian and Turkish heritage speakers in Germany. Languages, (6). https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6010027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цейтлин С.Н. Язык и ребенок. Освоение ребенком родного языка. М. : Владос, 2017. 240 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gagarina, N., &amp; Klassert, A. (2018). Input dominance and development of home language in Russian-German bilinguals. Frontiers in Communication-Language Sciences, 3, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2018.00040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шапошников В.Н. Просторечие в системе русского языка на современном этапе. М. : Либроком, 2012. 176 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gagarina, N., Armon-Lotem, Sh., Altman, C., Burstein-Feldman, Zh., Klassert, A., Topaj, N., Golcher, F., &amp; Walters, J. (2014). Age, input quantity and their effect on linguistic performance in the home and societal language among Russian-German and Russian-Hebrew preschool children. In R.K. Silbereisen, P.F. Titzmann &amp; Y. Shavit (Eds.), The Challenges of Diaspora Migration Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Israel and Germany (pp. 63-82). Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anstatt T. Kognitive Strategien Zweisprachiger : Lösungen lexikalischer Probleme im Russischen bilingualer Kinder und Jugendlicher // Die slavischen Sprachen im Licht der kognitiven Linguistik. Славянские языки в свете когнитивной лингвистики / herausgegeben von T. Anstatt, B. Norman. Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 2010. Pp. 217–239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorbanevskii, M.V., Karaulov, Yu.N., &amp; Shaklein, V.M. (2010). Don't speak in harsh language. On violations of the norms of literary speech in electronic and print media. Moscow: RUDN University. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benmamoun E., Montrul S., Polinsky M. Heritage languages and their speakers: opportunities and challenges for linguistics // Theoretical Linguistics. 2013. Vol. 39. No. (3–4). Pp. 129–181. https://doi.org/10.1515/tl-2013-0009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jouravlev, O., &amp; Jared, D. (2020). Native language processing is influenced by L2-to-L1 translation ambiguity. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 35(3), 310-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2019.1652764</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brehmer B., Kurbangulova T., Winski M. Measuring lexical proficiency in Slavic heritage languages: a comparison of different experimental approaches // Slavic Languages in Psycholinguistics : Chances and Challenges for Empirical and Experimental Research / ed. by T. Anstatt, A. Gattnar, Ch. Clasmeier. Tübingen : Narr Francke Attempto, 2016. Pp. 225–256.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khimik, V.V. (2000). Poetics of the low, or Vernacular as a cultural phenomenon. St. Petersburg: Filologicheskii Fakul'tet Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta Publ. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bylund E. Maturational constraints and first language attrition // Language Learning. 2009. Vol. 59. No. 3. Pp. 687–715. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2009.00521.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Köpke, B., &amp; Schmid, M.S. (2004). Language attrition: The next phase. First Language Attrition: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Methodological Issues (pp. 1-43). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Czapka S., Topaj N., Gagarina N. A four-year longitudinal comparative study on the lexicon development of Russian and Turkish heritage speakers in Germany // Languages. 2021. No. 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6010027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kupina, N.A. (2000). Foreword. Cultural and Speech Situation in Modern Russia (pp. 3-12). Ekaterinburg: Izd-vo Ural'skogo Un-ta Publ. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gagarina N., Armon-Lotem Sh., Altman C., Burstein-Feldman Zh., Klassert A., Topaj N., Golcher F., Walters J. Age, input quantity and their effect on linguistic performance in the home and societal language among Russian-German and Russian-Hebrew preschool children // The Challenges of Diaspora Migration Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Israel and Germany / ed. by R.K. Silbereisen, P.F. Titzmann, Y. Shavit. Farnham : Ashgate Publishing, 2014. Pp. 63–82.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Makarova, V., &amp; Terekhova, N. (2020). Russian-as-a-heritage-language vocabulary acquisition by bi-/multilingual children in Canada. Russian Language Studies, 18(4), 409-421. https://doi.org/10.22363/2618-8163-2020-18-4-409-421</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gagarina N., Klassert A. Input dominance and development of home language in Russian-German bilinguals // Frontiers in Communication-Language Sciences. 2018. Vol. 3. Pp. 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2018.00040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meir, N., &amp; Armon-Lotem, S. (2017). Independent and combined effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and bilingualism on children’s vocabulary and verbal short-term memory. Frontiers in Psychology, (8), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jouravlev O., Jared D. Native language processing is influenced by L2-to-L1 translation ambiguity // Language, Cognition and Neuroscience. 2020. Vol. 35. No. 3. Pp. 310–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2019.1652764</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Montrul, S. (2008). Incomplete acquisition in bilingualism: Re-examining the age factor. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Köpke B., Schmid M.S. Language attrition : the next phase // First Language Attrition : Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Methodological Issues. Amsterdam : John Benjamins, 2004. Pp. 1–43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlenko, A., &amp; Malt, B.C. (2011). Kitchen Russian: Cross-linguistic differences and first-language object naming by Russian-English bilinguals. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 14(1), 19-45. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136672891000026X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Makarova V., Terekhova N. Russian-as-a-heritage-language vocabulary acquisition by bi-/ multilingual children in Canada // Русистика. 2020. Т. 18. № 4. С. 409–421. https://doi.org/10.22363/2618-8163-2020-18-4-409-421</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlenko, A., Jarvis, S., Melnyk, S., &amp; Sorokina, А. (2017). Communicative relevance: Color references in bilingual and trilingual speakers. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 20(4), 853-866. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728916000535</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meir N., Armon-Lotem S. Independent and combined effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and bilingualism on children’s vocabulary and verbal short-term memory // Frontiers in Psychology. 2017. No. 8. Pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01442</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polinsky, M., &amp; Kagan, O. (2007). Heritage Languages: In the ‘wild’ and in the classroom. Language and Linguistics Compass, 1(5), 368-395. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2007.00022.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montrul S. Incomplete acquisition in bilingualism: re-examining the age factor. Amsterdam : John Benjamins, 2008. 312 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaposhnikov, V.N. (2012). Vernacular in the system of the Russian language at the present stage. Moscow: Librokom Publ. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pavlenko A., Jarvis S., Melnyk S., Sorokina А. Communicative relevance : Color references in bilingual and trilingual speakers // Bilingualism : Language and Cognition. 2017. Vol. 20. No. 4. Pp. 853–866. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1366728916000535</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanov, E.N. (2013). Russian urban speech in the multilingual cultural space of Odessa. [Author’s abstr. doctor. philol. diss.]. Kyiv. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pavlenko A., Malt B.C. Kitchen Russian : cross-linguistic differences and first-language object naming by Russian-English bilinguals // Bilingualism : Language and Cognition. 2011. Vol. 14. No. 1. Pp. 19–45. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136672891000026X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tseitlin, S.N. (2017). Language and child. Assimilation of the native language by the child. Moscow: Vlados Publ. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polinsky M., Kagan O. Heritage languages : in the ‘wild’ and in the classroom // Language and Linguistics Compass. 2007. Vol. 1. No. 5. Pp. 368–395. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2007.00022.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
