<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Language Studies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Language Studies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Русистика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2618-8163</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8171</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">30670</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2618-8163-2022-20-1-101-114</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Methods of Teaching Russian as a Native, Non-Native, Foreign Language</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Методика преподавания русского языка как родного, неродного, иностранного</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Orthographic literacy of Russian-speaking schoolchildren in Latvia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Орфографическая грамотность русскоязычных школьников Латвии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2795-2047</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilina</surname><given-names>Margarita A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилина</surname><given-names>Маргарита Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Pedagy, Professor of the Faculty of Education, Psychology and Art</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор педагогических наук, профессор факультета педагогики, психологии и искусства</p></bio><email>margarita.gavrilina@lu.lv</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Latvia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Латвийский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-03-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 20, NO1 (2022)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 20, №1 (2022)</issue-title><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-30"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Gavrilina M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Гаврилина М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gavrilina M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гаврилина М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-language-studies/article/view/30670">https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-language-studies/article/view/30670</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The research is devoted to one of the current problems of speech development of Russian-speaking schoolchildren of the diaspora (grades 4, 6 and 9) - orthographic literacy and is intended to contribute to the research on this problem. The topicality of the problem is substantiated by the necessity to explore the issues related to the quality of written speech, including orthographic knowledge and skills in the Russian (native) language of bilingual schoolchildren living outside Russia. The topic has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the research is to describe the orthographic literacy of Latvian Russian-speaking schoolchildren of grades 4, 6 and 9 in 2015-2021. The research is based on the analysis of written works of 11 938 schoolchildren that were developed by the author of the article and specia- lists of education and science of Latvia. The methods of research include comparative, statistical, focus-group discussion. The research results: 1) the level of orthographic literacy of Latvian Russian-speaking bilinguals remains low; 2) the same typical spelling mistakes are found in the speech of schoolchildren of all ages, but the mistakes rate depends on the bilingual education model; 3) schoolchildren have difficulties in spelling arguments; 4) the main reasons of schoolchildren’s spelling mistakes in Russian include the low motivation of school- children to develop literacy in written speech, interlanguage interference, insufficient amount of school hours on studying spelling material of the Russian language at school; 5) the literacy in Russian is less important than in English and Latvian in the value paradigm of schoolchildren. According to the new educational reform of Latvia (Skola2030), the number of Russian language lessons in schools for national minorities is significantly reduced. It is possible to predict a further decline in the level of spelling in schoolchildren in the coming years. Therefore, understanding objective orthographic difficulties encountered of bilingual schoolchildren open prospects for further exploration of effective orthography strategies in teaching the mother tongue to bilingual schoolchildren in a changing environment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Исследование посвящено одной из важнейших проблем речевого развития русскоязычных школьников диаспоры (4, 6, 9-й классы) - орфографической грамотности и призвано внести вклад в ее разработку. Актуальность проблемы обусловлена тем, что качество русской письменной речи, в том числе орфографические знания и умения учеников-билингвов, проживающих за пределами России, до сих пор недостаточно изучены. Цель исследования - охарактеризовать орфографическую грамотность латвийских русскоязычных учащихся в 2015-2021 годах. Материалом послужили письменные работы 11 938 учеников, разработанные автором статьи и специалистами Министерства образовании и науки Латвии. Были использованы сравнительный и статистический методы исследования, а также фокус-групповая дискуссия. Результаты исследования показали, что: 1) уровень орфографической грамотности латвийских русскоязычных билингвов из года в год остается низким; 2) в речи учеников всех возрастов констатированы одни и те же типичные орфографические ошибки, однако частотность данных ошибок зависит от того, по какой билингвальной модели учатся школьники; 3) ученики испытывают трудности в орфографической аргументации; 4) главные причины нарушения орфографических норм русского языка - низкая мотивация школьников к развитию грамотной письменной речи, межъязыковая интерференция, отсутствие достаточного учебного времени для изучения орфографического материала русского языка в школе; 5) в ценностной парадигме учеников грамотность в русском языке является менее важной, чем в английском и латышском языках. Согласно новой реформе образования Латвии (Skola2030) количество уроков русского языка в школах национальных меньшинств существенно уменьшается, поэтому в ближайшие годы можно прогнозировать еще большее снижение уровня орфографической грамотности школьников. В связи с этим понимание объективных орфографических трудностей, с которыми сталкиваются ученики-билингвы, открывает перспективы для поиска эффективных орфографических стратегий в процессе обучения школьников родному языку в меняющихся условиях.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russian-speaking schoolchildren</kwd><kwd>schoolchildren of the diaspora</kwd><kwd>written speech</kwd><kwd>orthographic literacy</kwd><kwd>spelling skills</kwd><kwd>spelling mistake</kwd><kwd>grammar argumentation</kwd><kwd>causes of errors</kwd><kwd>bilingual education</kwd><kwd>speech environment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>русскоязычный ученик</kwd><kwd>ученик диаспоры</kwd><kwd>письменная речь</kwd><kwd>орфографическая грамотность</kwd><kwd>орфографический навык</kwd><kwd>орфографическая ошибка</kwd><kwd>грамматическая аргументация</kwd><kwd>причины ошибок</kwd><kwd>билингв</kwd><kwd>билингвальное образование</kwd><kwd>речевая среда</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Algazina, N.N. (1987). Formation of spelling skills: A guide for the teacher. Moscow: Prosveshcheniye Publ. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алгазина Н.Н. Формирование орфографических навыков : пособие для учителя. М. : Просвещение, 1987. 159 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bialystok, E. (2017). The bilingual adaptation: How minds accommodate experience. Psychological Bulletin, 143(3), 233-262. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000099</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богоявленский Д.Н. Психология усвоения орфографии. М. : Просвещение, 1966. 266 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogoyavlenskii, D.N. (1966). Psychology of mastering spelling. Moscow: Prosveshcheniye Publ. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буковцова Н.И. Трудности формирования орфографических умений и навыков у учащихся средних классов общеобразовательной школы // Самарский научный вестник. 2016. № 3 (16). С. 148–154.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boulware-Gooden, R., Joshi, R.M., &amp; Grigorenko, E. (2015). The role of phonology, morphology, and orthography in English and Russian spelling. Dyslexia, 21(2), 142-161. https://doi.org/10.1002/dys.1498</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаврилина М.А. Изучение русского (родного, первого) языка в школах Латвии : монография. Рига : Mācību grāmata, 2018. 192 c.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bukovtsova, N.I. (2016). Difficulties of developing secondary school student’ spelling skills. Samara Journal of Science, (3(16)), 148-154. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жуйков С.Ф. Формирование орфографических действий (у младших школьников). М. : Просвещение, 1965. 356 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Critten, S., Pine, K., &amp; Steffler, D. (2007). Spelling development in young children: A case of representational redescription? Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(1), 207-220. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.99.1.207</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корнеев А., Протасова Е. Динамика совершенствования письма у финско-русских билингвов между 8 и 9 годами // Slavica Helsingiensia. 2014. № 45. C. 298–318.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ennemoser, M., Marx, P., Weber, J., &amp; Schneider, W. (2012). Spezifische Vorläuferfertigkeiten der Lesegeschwindigkeit, des Leseverständnisses und des Rechtschreibens. Zeitschrift Für Entwicklungspsychologie und pädagogische Psychologie, 44(2), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000057</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Львова С.И. Орфография. Этимология на службе орфографии : пособие для учителя. М. : Русское слово, 2001. 108 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavrilina, M.A. (2018). Russian (L1) language learning in school of Latvia. Riga: Mācību grāmata. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малявина Т.П. Особенности структуры орфографического навыка // Актуальные проблемы гуманитарных и естественных наук. 2009. № 6. С. 237–241.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graham, S., &amp; Santangelo, T. (2014). Does spelling instruction make students better spellers, readers, and writers? A meta-analytic review. Reading and Writing, 27, 1703-1743. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-014-9517-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Разумовская М.М. Методика обучения орфографии в школе. М. : Дрофа, 2005. 187 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guimaraes, S., &amp; Parkins, E. (2019). Young bilingual children’s spelling strategies: A comparative study of 6- to 7-year-old bilinguals and monolinguals. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 8(3), 216-245. https://doi.org/10.17583/ijep.2019.4099</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bialystok E. The bilingual adaptation : How minds accommodate experience // Psychological Bulletin. 2017. Vol. 143. No 3. Pp. 233–262. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000099</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korneev, А., &amp; Protasova, Е. (2014). Dynamics of writing improvement among Finnish-Russian bilinguals between 8 and 9 years. Slavica Helsingiensia, 45, 298-318. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boulware-Gooden R., Joshi R.M., Grigorenko E. The role of phonology, morphology, and orthography in English and Russian spelling // Dyslexia. 2015. Vol 21 (2). Pp. 142–161. https://doi.org/10.1002/dys.1498</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lam, K., Chen, X., Geva, E., Luo, Y.C., &amp; Li, H. (2012). The role of morphological awareness in reading achievement among young Chinese-speaking English language learners: A longitudinal study. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 25(8), 1847-1872. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-011-9329-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Critten S., Pine K., Steffler D. Spelling development in young children : A case of representational redescription? // Journal of Educational Psychology. 2007. Vol. 99. No 1. Pp. 207–220. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.99.1.207</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lvova, S.I. (2001). Spelling. Etymology in the service of spelling: A teacher’s guide. Moscow: Russkoe Slovo Publ. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ennemoser M., Marx P., Weber J., Schneider W. Spezifische Vorläuferfertigkeiten der Lesegeschwindigkeit, des Leseverständnisses und des Rechtschreibens // Zeitschrift Für Entwicklungspsychologie und pädagogische Psychologie. 2012. Vol. 44. No 2. Pp. 53–67. https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000057</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malyavina, T.P. (2009). Features of the structure of spelling skills. Aktual'nye Problemy Gumanitarnykh i Estestvennykh Nauk, (6), 237-241. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graham S., Santangelo T. Does spelling instruction make students better spellers, readers, and writers? A meta-analytic review // Reading and Writing. 2014. Vol. 27. Pp. 1703–1743.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-014-9517-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mishra, R., &amp; Singh, N. (2014). Language non-selective activation of orthography during word processing in Hindi-English sequential bilinguals: An eye tracking visual word study. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 27(1), 129-151. Retrieved November 5, 2021, from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1038928</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guimaraes S., Parkins E. Young bilingual children’s spelling strategies : A comparative study of 6- to 7-year-old bilinguals and monolinguals // International Journal of Educational Psychology. 2019. Vol. 8. No 3. Pp. 216–245. https://doi.org/10.17583/ijep.2019.4099</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raynolds, L. &amp; Uhry, J. (2010). The invented spellings of non-Spanish phonemes by Spanish-English bilingual and English monolingual kindergarteners. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 23(5), 495-513. Retrieved November 10, 2021, from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ879804</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lam K., Chen X., Geva E., Luo Y.C., Li H. The role of morphological awareness in reading achievement among young Chinese-speaking English language learners : A longitudinal study // Reading and Writing : An Interdisciplinary Journal. 2012. Vol. 25. No 8. Pp. 1847–1872. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-011-9329-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Razumovskaya, M.M. (2005). Methods for teaching spelling at school. Moscow: Drofa Publ. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mishra R., Singh N. Language non-selective activation of orthography during word processing in Hindi-English sequential bilinguals : An eye tracking visual word study // Reading and Writing : An Interdisciplinary Journal. 2014. Vol. 27. No 1. Pp. 129–151. URL : https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1038928 (accessed: 05.11.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryan, R.M., &amp; Deci, E.L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raynolds L., Uhry J. The invented spellings of non-Spanish phonemes by Spanish-English bilingual and English monolingual kindergarteners // Reading and Writing. 2010. Vol. 23. Issue 5. Pp. 495–513. URL : https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ879804 (accessed: 10.11.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saiegh-Haddad, E., &amp; Taha, H. (2017). The role of morphological and phonological awareness in the early development of word spelling and reading in typically developing and disabled Arabic readers. Dyslexia, 23(4), 345-371. https://doi.org/10.1002/dys.1572</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryan R.M., Deci E.L. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being // American Psychologist. 2000. Vol. 55. No 1. Pp. 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Snow, C.E., Griffin, P., &amp; Burns, M.S. (2005). Knowledge to support the teaching of reading: Preparing teachers for a changing world. San Francisco: John Wiley &amp; Sons. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.43-5406</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saiegh-Haddad E., Taha H. The role of morphological and phonological awareness in the early development of word spelling and reading in typically developing and disabled Arabic readers // Dyslexia. 2017. Vol. 23. No 4. Pp. 345–371. https://doi.org/10.1002/dys.1572</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sparks, R.L., Patton, J., Ganschow, L., Humbach, N., &amp; Javorsky, J. (2008). Early first-language reading and spelling skills predict later second-language reading and spelling skills. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100(1), 162-174. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.100.1.162</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Snow C.E., Griffin P., Burns M.S. Knowledge to support the teaching of reading : Preparing teachers for a changing world. San Francisco : John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2005. 336 p. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.43-5406</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steffler, D.J. (2001). Implicit cognition and spelling development. Developmental Review, 21(2), 168-204. https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.2000.0517</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sparks R.L., Patton J., Ganschow L., Humbach N., Javorsky J. Early first-language reading and spelling skills predict later second-language reading and spelling skills // Journal of Educational Psychology. 2008. Vol. 100. No 1. Pp. 162–174. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.100.1.162</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Treiman, R., &amp; Bourassa, D. (2000). The development of spelling skill. Topics in Language Disorders, 6, 1-18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steffler D.J. Implicit cognition and spelling development // Developmental Review. 2001. Vol. 21. No 2. Pp. 168–204. https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.2000.0517</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valtin, R. (2017). Einordnung der IGLU-2016-Befunde in das europäische Rahmenkonzept für gute Leseförderung, Kapitel XII. In A. Hußmann, W. Bos, A. Bremerich-Vos, D. Kasper, E.-M. Lankes, N. McElvany, T.C. Stubbe &amp; R. Valtin (Eds.), Münster: Lesekompetenzen von Grundschulkindern im Internationalen Vergleich (pp. 315-328). Münster, New York: Waxmann. Retrieved November 8, 2021, from https://www.pedocs.de/volltexte/2020/20754/pdf/Valtin_2017_Einordnung_der_IGLU-2016-Befunde.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Treiman R., Bourassa D. The development of spelling skill // Topics in Language Disorders. 2000. Vol. 6. Pp. 1–18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yılmaz, G., &amp; Schmid, M.S. (2018). First language attrition and bilingualism. In D. Miller, F. Bayram, J. Rothman &amp; L. Serratrice (Eds.), Bilingual Cognition and Language. The State of the Science Across its Subfields (pp. 225-250). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.54.11yil</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valtin R. Einordnung der IGLU-2016-Befunde in das europäische Rahmenkonzept für gute Leseförderung, Kapitel XII // Münster : Lesekompetenzen von Grundschulkindern im internationalen Vergleich / ed. by A. Hußmann, W. Bos, A. Bremerich-Vos, D. Kasper, E.-M. Lankes, N. McElvany, T.C. Stubbe, R. Valtin. Münster – New York : Waxmann, 2017. Pp. 315–328. URL : https://www.pedocs.de/volltexte/2020/20754/pdf/Valtin_2017_Einordnung_der_IGLU-2016-Befunde.pdf (accessed : 08.11.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zarić, J., Hasselhorn, M., &amp; Nagler, T. (2020). Orthographic knowledge predicts reading and spelling skills over and above general intelligence and phonological awareness. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 36(3), 21-43. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-020-00464-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yılmaz G., Schmid M.S. First language attrition and bilingualism // Bilingual cognition and language. The state of the science across its subfields / ed. by D. Miller, F. Bayram, J. Rothman, L. Serratrice. Amsterdam : John Benjamins, 2018. Pp. 225–250. https://doi.org/10.1075/sibil.54.11yil</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuikov, S.F. (1965). Formation of spelling actions (for younger students). Moscow: Prosveshcheniye Publ. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zarić J., Hasselhorn M., Nagler T. Orthographic knowledge predicts reading and spelling skills over and above general intelligence and phonological awareness // European Journal of Psychology of Education. 2020. Vol. 36. No 3. Pp. 21–43. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-020-00464-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
