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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: История России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8674</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8690</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48656</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8674-2026-25-1-99-108</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">YIQRMG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF RUSSIA</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИАЛЬНО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ РОССИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Soviet defectors in Western Germany at the end of the 1940s and the beginning of the 1950s and Mensheviks-emigres</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Советские «перебежчики» в Западной Германии в конце 1940-х - начале 1950-х гг. и меньшевистская эмиграция</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-2219</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6285-4494</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antoshin</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антошин</surname><given-names>Алексей Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Habil. Hist., Professor of the Department of Oriental Studies, Department of International Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры востоковедения департамента международных отношений</p></bio><email>alex_antoshin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 25, NO1 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 25, №1 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>108</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-02"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Antoshin A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Антошин А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Antoshin A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Антошин А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/48656">https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/48656</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the phenomenon of defectors from the Soviet Union in the first years after the end of the Great Patriotic War. The author focuses on the attitude of the old Russian Social Democrats, who were in exile in the United States, toward the defectors. The article draws on documents from the Hoover Institution’s War, Revolution, and Peace Archives (Stanford, USA), the Bakhmetev Archives of Russian and East European Culture at Columbia University (New York, USA), the Archives of the Center for East European Studies at the University of Bremen (Germany), and others. The author shows that a group of Soviet defectors who were in Displaced Persons camps in Germany came into contact with representatives of the Menshevik émigré center in the late 1940s. On the basis of this group, the German Department of the League of Struggle for People’s Freedom was created, which claimed to act as a key Russian émigré organization with a democratic orientation. The article shows that the defectors received funding from the USA, various foundations and non-governmental organizations through the mediation of the old Mensheviks. The result of this action was the exposure of the leader of the group of defectors Major Vasily Denisov as an agent of the Soviet secret services. The article proves that this case was not an isolated phenomenon: a number of defectors broke with anti-communist émigré organizations and decided to return to the Soviet Union. The author comes to the conclusion that the reason for this was the disappointment of many defectors in the values of Western democracy, their critical attitude to the spiritual atmosphere within Western societies and the political elite of the USA.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья посвящена феномену «перебежчиков» из Советского Союза в первые годы после окончания Великой Отечественной войны. Автор уделяет особое внимание отношению к «перебежчикам» старых русских социал-демократов, находившихся в эмиграции в США. Статья опирается на документы из Архива войны, революции и мира Института Гувера (Стэнфорд, США), Бахметевского архива русской и восточноевропейской культуры Колумбийского университета (Нью-Йорк, США), Архива Центра восточноевропейских исследований Бременского университета (Германия) и др. Автор показывает, что группа советских «перебежчиков», находившихся в лагерях для перемещенных лиц в Германии, в конце 1940-х гг. вошла в контакт с представителями меньшевистского эмигрантского центра. На базе этой группы был создан Германский отдел Лиги борьбы за народную свободу, который претендовал на роль ключевой русской эмигрантской организации демократической направленности. В статье показано, что «перебежчики» получали финансирование из США, от различных фондов и неправительственных организаций при посредничестве старых меньшевиков. Результатом этой акции стало разоблачение лидера группы «перебежчиков» майора Василия Денисова как агента советских спецслужб. В статье доказывается, что этот случай не был единичным явлением: ряд «перебежчиков» порвали с антикоммунистическими эмигрантскими организациями и решили вернуться в Советский Союз. Автор приходит к выводу, что причиной этого стало разочарование многих «перебежчиков» в ценностях западной демократии, их критическое отношение к духовной атмосфере внутри западных обществ и к политической элите США.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russian emigrants</kwd><kwd>Soviet refugees</kwd><kwd>Russian diaspora</kwd><kwd>repatriation</kwd><kwd>post-war USSR</kwd><kwd>Russian anti-communists</kwd><kwd>Boris Nicolaevsky</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>русские эмигранты</kwd><kwd>советские беженцы</kwd><kwd>русская диаспора</kwd><kwd>репатриация</kwd><kwd>поствоенный СССР</kwd><kwd>российские антикоммунисты</kwd><kwd>Б.И. 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