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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: История России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8674</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8690</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48651</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8674-2026-25-1-19-31</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VETMEL</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF RUSSIAN CULTURE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНАЯ ИСТОРИЯ НАРОДОВ РОССИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Soviet Physical Culture Movement in Rural Areas in 1924-1928: Theoretical Principles and Implementation Practice</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Советское физкультурное движение в сельской местности в 1924-1928 гг.: теоретические установки и практика реализации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8189-8742</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4407-2000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khorosheva</surname><given-names>Anna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорошева</surname><given-names>Анна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, Associate Professor of the Department of History of Russia of the 20th - 21st Centuries</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, доцент кафедры истории России XX-XXI веков</p></bio><email>Khoroshevaa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 25, NO1 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 25, №1 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>19</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-02"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Khorosheva A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Хорошева А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khorosheva A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хорошева А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/48651">https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/48651</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors examine the development of physical culture and sports in Soviet villages in the 1920s. These practices are important instruments of the cultural revolution, asthey were supposed to discipline and improve the health of peasants so that they could work as effectively as possible for the benefit of society. It was peasants themselves that made up most of the population, so the goal of “reforging” rural people was paramount; without it, the task of building socialism in the country would be impossible. To explore this topic, the author used regulatory, administrative, and statistical materials, stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation, in the fund of the USSR Committee for Physical Culture and Sports (F. R 7576), and in the fund of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League (F. M 1) of the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, as well as various periodicals. It is shown that the rural population was highly distrustful of any innovations, including in physical culture. The analysis of sources reveals that the promotion of physical culture in rural areas began as part of the “Facing Village” policy of 1925-1926, with the primary goal being to “improve” physical and ideological health of rural people. The Komsomol shouldered the brunt of the practical work, employing a flexible approach that sought to motivate rather than coerce. The author reveals that the highest percentage of physical culture enthusiasts was in the central region part of Russia, whereas the lowest percentage was in the national republics and regions. The author concludes that, due to financial problems and lack of coordinated policy of all the agencies involved, progress in promoting physical culture in the rural areas by the end of the period was relatively insignificant; the number of physical culture clubs grew slowly, and they were often created spontaneously and lacked state oversight. In addition, there were few women involved, and the primary focus was on football rather than general physical training.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассматривается история становления физкультуры и спорта в советской деревне в 1920-е гг., которые являлись важными инструментами проведения культурной революции и должны были дисциплинировать и оздоровить население для того, чтобы оно могло максимально эффективно трудиться во благо общества. Основную массу населения страны составляли крестьяне, поэтому цель «перековать» деревню была одной из важнейших - без этого задача построения социализма в стране представлялась невыполнимой. Для раскрытия темы были привлечены нормативные, делопроизводственные и статистические материалы, хранящиеся в Государственном архиве Российской Федерации в фонде Комитета физической культуры и спорта СССР (Ф. Р 7576) и в фонде ЦК ВЛКСМ (Ф. М 1) Российского государственного архива социально-политической истории, а также материалы периодической печати. Показано, что деревенское население с большим недоверием относилось к любым новшествам, в том числе и к физкультуре. Продвижение физкультуры в сельскую местность было частью политики «лицом к деревне» в 1925-1926 гг., при этом главная задача была «оздоровить» деревню физически и идейно. Вся тяжесть практической работы легла на комсомол, при этом использовался гибкий подход, при котором пытались именно заинтересовать, а не заставить. Установлено, что больший процент физкультурников был в центральноевропейской части России, наименьший - в национальных республиках и областях. Автор приходит к выводу, что из-за финансовых проблем и отсутствия скоординированной политики всех задействованных ведомств успехи в продвижении физкультурного движения в деревне к концу периода были скромными: количество физкультурных кружков росло медленно, часто они создавались стихийно и не контролировались государством, в них было мало женщин и в основном культивировался футбол в ущерб общефизической подготовке.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>socio-cultural policy in the USSR</kwd><kwd>national republics and regions in the USSR</kwd><kwd>soviet sports</kwd><kwd>peasants</kwd><kwd>youth</kwd><kwd>New Economic Policy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социально-культурная политика в СССР</kwd><kwd>национальные республики и области в СССР</kwd><kwd>советский спорт</kwd><kwd>крестьяне</kwd><kwd>молодежь</kwd><kwd>новая экономическая политика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakhtina, I.L., and Popov, M.V. “Physical activity in the ural village in the late 1920s - early 1930s.” Pedagogical Education in Russia, no. 12 (2018): 6-10 (in Russian), https://doi.org/10.26170/po18-12-01</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Барышева Е.В. «Спортизация» страны в 1920–1930-е гг. // История и архивы. 2024. № 4. 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