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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: История России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8674</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8690</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">47596</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8674-2025-24-4-632-642</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MHKIHT</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RUSSIA IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РОССИЯ В СИСТЕМЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Soviet Defectors in Germany after World War II</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Советские «перебежчики» в Германии после Второй мировой войны</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-2219</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6285-4494</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antoshin</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антошин</surname><given-names>Алексей Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Habil. Hist., Professor of the Department of Oriental Studies, Department of International Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры востоковедения департамента международных отношений</p></bio><email>alex_antoshin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 24, NO4 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 24, №4 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>632</fpage><lpage>642</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-12"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Antoshin A.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Антошин А.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Antoshin A.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Антошин А.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/47596">https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/47596</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the phenomenon of defectors from the Soviet Union in the first years after the end of the Great Patriotic War. The article is based on documents from the Archive of War, Revolution and Peace of the Hoover Institution (Stanford, USA), the Bakhmetev Archive of Russian and East European Culture of Columbia University (New York, USA), the Archive of the Center for East European Studies of the University of Bremen (Germany), etc. The author shows that Germany was the most important center where significant flows of defectors were directed. It is proven that one of the most noticeable groups of defectors were soldiers and officers of the Soviet troops stationed in post-war Germany. The situation of defectors in the Russian diaspora after World War II, their relations with representatives of the “second wave” of emigration from the USSR are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the 1st conference of post-war political refugees (Hamburg, September 1951), it was established that it did not lead to the consolidation of defectors . The article devotes considerable space to the problem of the perception of the West and its foreign policy of the Cold War era by the defectors , and proves that they repeatedly subjected it to harsh criticism. The article proves that a number of defectors broke with anti-communist émigré organizations and decided to return to the Soviet Union. The author concludes that the reason for this was the disappointment of many defectors in the values of Western democracy, their critical attitude toward the spiritual atmosphere within Western societies and toward the US political elite.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассматривается феномен «перебежчиков» из Советского Союза в первые годы после окончания Великой Отечественной войны. В основе исследования документы из Архива войны, революции и мира Института Гувера (Стэнфорд, США), Бахметевского архива русской и восточноевропейской культуры Колумбийского университета (Нью-Йорк, США), Архива Центра восточноевропейских исследований Бременского университета (Германия) и др. Автор показывает, что важнейшим центром, куда направлялись значительные потоки «перебежчиков», была Германия. Доказано, что одной из наиболее заметных групп «перебежчиков» были солдаты и офицеры советских войск, находившихся в послевоенной Германии. Проанализированы положение «перебежчиков» в Русском зарубежье после Второй мировой войны, их отношения с представителями «второй волны» эмиграции из СССР. Особое внимание уделено 1-й конференции послевоенных политических беженцев (Гамбург, сентябрь 1951). Установлено, что она не привела к консолидации «перебежчиков». Значительное место в статье уделено проблеме восприятия «перебежчиками» Запада и его внешней политики эпохи холодной войны, доказано, что она неоднократно подвергалась ими резкой критике. Автор приходит к выводу, что ряд «перебежчиков» порвали с антикоммунистическими эмигрантскими организациями и решили вернуться в Советский Союз. Причиной этого стало разочарование многих «перебежчиков» в ценностях западной демократии, их критическое отношение к духовной атмосфере внутри западных обществ и к их политическом элитам.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russian emigrants</kwd><kwd>Soviet refugees</kwd><kwd>Russian diaspora</kwd><kwd>repatriation</kwd><kwd>post-war USSR</kwd><kwd>Russian anti-communists</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>русские эмигранты</kwd><kwd>советские беженцы</kwd><kwd>русская диаспора</kwd><kwd>репатриация</kwd><kwd>поствоенный СССР</kwd><kwd>российские антикоммунисты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antoshin, A. “U.S. and ‘Turkestan’ Political Exiles during the Cold War: Information Policy of Radio Liberty in Soviet Central Asia.” RUDN Journal of Russian History 21, no. 4 (2022): 509–525 (in Russian),  https://doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-4-509-525</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антошин A. 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