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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: История России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8674</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8690</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">47595</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8674-2025-24-4-619-631</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MDNXEW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RUSSIA IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РОССИЯ В СИСТЕМЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Exploring Possibilities of Colonization of Pacific Northwest by Russia, Great Britain and Spain in the 18th Century</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изучение Россией, Великобританией и Испанией возможностей колонизации северо-запада Тихого океана в XVIII веке</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1688-4096</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6552-5958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Habil. Hist., Chief Research Fellow of the Center for North American Studies, Institute of World History, Russian Academy of Sciences; ; Professor, Moscow State Linguistic University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, главный научный сотрудник, Институт всеобщей истории РАН;профессор, Московский государственный лингвистический университет</p></bio><email>alaska13@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-9629</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7818-1617</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Troitskaia</surname><given-names>Larisa M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Троицкая</surname><given-names>Лариса Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, Senior Researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>larisa_troitskaia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт всеобщей истории РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State Linguistic University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный лингвистический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 24, NO4 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 24, №4 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>619</fpage><lpage>631</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-12"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Petrov A.Y., Troitskaia L.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Петров А.Ю., Троицкая Л.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrov A.Y., Troitskaia L.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петров А.Ю., Троицкая Л.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/47595">https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/47595</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors consider different assessments of the history of the northwest coast of America, now the territory of the south of Alaska and the west coast of Canada. For a long time, this territory was an arena of struggle between the great powers. In general, in Russian historiography, this issue is poorly studied. The author in their article pays attention to such factors and reasons for the European colonization of the New World and early discoveries of the Pacific coast of North America as climate change, fashion trends, environmental resources, etc. The importance of the fur trade for the process of colonization of the region under study is also shown. The authors conclude that it is appropriate to consider the history of the coast of Alaska and the west coast of Canada through the prism of frontier history, taking into account the regional features of the civilizational model of British colonialism and the broader international relations of the period. The peculiarities of the period under study are the activation of Spain’s policy and its claims to the entire Pacific coast, even when there had been no settlements under Madrid, and in turn attitude of the British to Madrid’s stance. The formation of the western border in the north of America by the British was facilitated by the search for a mythical northern route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, and during this process, important geographical discoveries were made. The work is part of a series of articles by the authors, which are devoted to the history of the struggle for the territory in the northwest of America up to the early 1870s.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследуются основные причины и первые этапы (XVI-XVIII вв.) проникновения России, Испании и Великобритании на тихоокеанское побережье Северной Америки. Эта область ныне находится южнее Аляски и охватывает западное побережье Канады - провинцию Британская Колумбия. Эта территория была ареной борьбы России и великих держав в контексте их колониальной политики в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе (АТР). Статья методологически осно вана на достижениях современной исторической науки, включая зарубежные и отечественные исследования с акцентом на многофакторный подход. При изучении письменных исторических источников и исследовательских материалов использовался системный и сравнительный анализ, а также были продемонстрированы некоторые аспекты междисциплинарного подхода. Отмечается, что интерес к исследуемой территории возник практически сразу с начала формирования колониальной политики западных держав в Новом Свете. Россия продвигалась к Тихому океану через Сибирь и побережье Северного Ледовитого океана. В статье показано значение торговли мехами для процесса колонизации изучаемого региона. Авторы пришли к выводу о том, что правомерно историю первых этапов открытия европейцами побережья будущей Британской Колумбии рассматривать сквозь призму истории фронтира с учетом региональных особенностей цивилизационной модели британского колониализма и международных отношений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Russian America</kwd><kwd>North America</kwd><kwd>Krenitsyn-Levashov expeditions</kwd><kwd>G.I. Mulovsky expedition</kwd><kwd>Aleutian Islands</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Русская Америка</kwd><kwd>Северная Америка</kwd><kwd>экспедиции Креницына-Левашова</kwd><kwd>экспедиция Г.И. Муловского</kwd><kwd>острова Алеутской гряды</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-18-00043-П, https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-00043/ в Институте всеобщей истории РАН. Руководитель А.Ю. Петров.</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">This article was prepared at the expense of the Russian Science Foundation grant No.22–18–00043-П at the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. https://rscf.ru/project/22–18–00043/. Project Scientific supervisor – A.Yu. Petrov.</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akimov, Yu.G. Severnaia Amerika i Sibir’ v kontse XVI – seredine XVIII v.: ocherk sravnitel’noi istorii kolonizatsii [North America and Siberia in the late 16th – mid-18th centuries: An essay on the comparative history of colonization]. St. Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta Publ., 2010 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акимов Ю.Г. 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