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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: История России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8674</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8690</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">46359</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8674-2025-24-3-427-447</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">PNIWUP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>NATIONAL WELFARE AND AUXOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАРОДНОЕ БЛАГОСОСТОЯНИЕ И АУКСОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Epochal Enhancing of the Biological Status of Russia’s Population in the 19th - 20th Centuries with Modern Auxology</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпохальное повышение биологического статуса населения России в XIX-XX вв. в современной ауксологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8559-0019</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7919-3929</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mironov</surname><given-names>Boris N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миронов</surname><given-names>Борис Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Habil. History, Professor of the Department of Source Studies of Russian History</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры источниковедения истории России</p></bio><email>mironov1942@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 24, NO3 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 24, №3 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>427</fpage><lpage>447</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-08"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Mironov B.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Миронов Б.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mironov B.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Миронов Б.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/46359">https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/46359</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 2010-2024 Russian auxologists have expanded the scope of their research. Recently, they have considered height, weight, and body mass index as indirect or proxy indicators of wellbeing, a shift which allows them to identify epochal trends in the dynamics of the standard of living. The results obtained by auxologists confirmed existing conclusions about the upward secular trend of body size and, accordingly, about the epochal increase in the standard of living in Russia in the 19th - 20th centuries. In fact, auxologists have made a sociohistorical turn in terms of biological anthropology, as well as in the field of studying wellbeing, and this has greatly helped Russian historians who do not study anthropometric history. Abroad, this new direction of research has rapidly developed since the 1970s and has already turned into an important academic discipline with its own communities, journals, and departments at universities. According to the author, the most important reason for the indifference of Russian historians to anthropometry is their unpreparedness to work with a new type of source in an interdisciplinary manner including using mathematical and statistical method as well as big data. However, the experience and knowledge of Russian auxologists are of great value for historians. The latter can not only borrow the necessary data from them, but, more importantly, learn from their works the art of conducting anthropometric studies in terms of methodology, analysis methods, and the interpretation of anthropometric indicators.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В 2010-2024 гг. российские антропологиауксологи расширили предмет своих исследований. Рост, вес и индекс массы тела они стали рассматривать в качестве косвенных, или прокси, показателей благосостояния, что позволяет им выявлять эпохальные тренды в динамике уровня жизни. Полученные результаты подтвердили выводы о повышательной секулярной тенденции размеров тела и, соответственно, об эпохальном повышении уровня жизни в России XIX-ХХ вв. По сути, ауксологи совершили социальноисторический поворот в биологической антропологии и в сфере изучения благосостояния чрезвычайно помогли российским историкам, которые антропометрической историей не занимаются. За рубежом новое направление с 1970х гг. получило быстрое развитие, превратившись в важную академическую дисциплину с собственными сообществами, журналами и кафедрами в университетах. Важнейшей причиной равнодушия российских историков к антропометрии является их неподготовленность к работе с новым видом источников в междисциплинарном ключе с помощью математикостатистических методов и на больших данных. Опыт и знания российских ауксологов являются весьма ценными для историков. Последние могут не только заимствовать у них нужные данные, но, что более важно, научиться по их работам искусству проведения антропометрических исследований с точки зрения методологии, методики анализа и интерпретации антропометрических показателей.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anthropometric history</kwd><kwd>secular trends</kwd><kwd>community effects on height</kwd><kwd>social history</kwd><kwd>human physical evolution</kwd><kwd>human auxology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антропометрическая история</kwd><kwd>секулярные тренды</kwd><kwd>эффект соседства</kwd><kwd>социальная история</kwd><kwd>физическая эволюция человека</kwd><kwd>ауксология человека</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 23-18-00249). Название проекта: «Жизненный уровень населения России в XX – начале XXI в. по традиционным и альтернативным показателям: междисциплинарное исследование на Больших Данных». Руководитель Б.Н. Миронов.</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (project № 23-18-00249). Project title is “Living standards of the population of Russia in the 20th – early 21st centuries according to traditional and alternative indicators: an interdisciplinary study on Big Data.” Supervised by B.N. Mironov.</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov, A.A., Kuchma, V.R., eds. “Longitudinal’nye issledovaniia fizicheskogo razvitiia shkol’nikov g. 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