<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: История России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8674</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8690</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">43705</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8674-2025-24-1-71-83</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DMRNSR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF RUSSIA</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ СВЯЗИ РОССИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Reflection of Tatar Emigrants’ Life in Turkey in the Letters of Rabia Arat in 1933-1935</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Отражение жизни татарских эмигрантов в Турции в письмах Рабии Арат в 1933-1935 гг.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4438-6474</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gainanova</surname><given-names>Milyausha R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнанова</surname><given-names>Миляуша Рамилевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">PhD in History, Senior Researcher of Department of History of Religions and Social Thought named after Ya.G. Abdullin</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела истории религий и общественной мысли имени Я.Г. Абдуллина</bio><email>mgaynanova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sh. Marjani Institute of History of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт истории имени Шигабутдина Марджани Академии наук Республики Татарстан</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>83</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-07"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Gainanova M.R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Гайнанова М.Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gainanova M.R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гайнанова М.Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/43705">https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/43705</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The author examines the correspondence of Rabia Arat, a representative of the Tatar emigration in Turkey with her husband, Rashit Rakhmati Arat, a Turkologist and professor at Istanbul University. The letters contain autobiographical material, as well as a story about the problems of the Tatar female doctor during a period of emigration. Based on comparative-historical, system-structural and biographical methods, the author reconstructs the events from the life of the family of Tatar Muslims from Russia in the first years of political emigration. Rabia Arat’s emotionally colored feelings, particularly associated with the difficulties of perceiving the realities of emigrants’ everyday life, allow us to create a picture of the personal and social life of the educated Muslim woman in Germany and Turkey in the 1920-1930s. Women, who on the one hand, sought to fulfill their career ambitions, and on the other hand, who wanted to preserve the traditions of Tatar-Muslim education and to support their family well-being inside the ethno-confessional norms of attitude of then women’s role and place in society of the period.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Исследуется переписка представительницы татарской эмиграции в Турции Рабии Арат с мужем - Рашитом Рахмати Аратом, ученым-тюркологом, профессором Стамбульского университета. В письмах содержится автобиографический материал, а также рассказ о проблемах татарской женщины-врача в эмиграции. На основе сравнительно-исторического, системно-структурного и биографического методов автор реконструирует события из жизни семьи татар-мусульман из России в первые годы политической эмиграции. Эмоционально окрашенные чувства Рабии Арат, связанные со сложностями восприятия реалий эмигрантской повседневности, позволяют составить картину личной и общественной жизни образованной женщины-мусульманки в Германии и Турции в 1920-1930-е гг., которая, с одной стороны, стремилась реализоваться в профессиональной деятельности, с другой - сохранить традиции татаро-мусульманского воспитания и семейного благополучия на основе этноконфессиональных норм отношения к роли и месту женщины в социуме.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Tatar intelligentsia</kwd><kwd>first wave emigration</kwd><kwd>verbal communication</kwd><kwd>women's language</kwd><kwd>preservation of the national identity of the Tatar people</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>татарская интеллигенция</kwd><kwd>эмиграция первой волны</kwd><kwd>вербальная коммуникация</kwd><kwd>женский язык</kwd><kwd>сохранение национальной идентичности татарского народа</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhunov, A.M. “Atatөrek Iskhakyiga karshy: Tөrkiyadә «Milli bairak» tatar gazetasyn tyyu turynda [Atatürk vs. Iskhaki: About the banning of the Tatar newspaper «National Flag» in Turkey].” Tatarstan. no. 5 (2004): 62-65 (in Tatar).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахунов А.М. Ататөрек Исхакыйга каршы: Төркиядә «Милли байрак» татар газетасын тыю турында // Татарстан. 2004. № 5. Б. 62–65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhunov, A.M. Gayaz Iskhaki v fotografiiakh [Gayaz Iskhaki in photos]. Kazan: IYALI Publ., 2018 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ахунов А.М. Гаяз Исхаки в фотографиях. Казань: ИЯЛИ, 2018. 60 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arslan, R. “Doktor Rabia Arat’ın kısaca tercümei hali [About the brief life of Dr. Rabia Arat].” Kazan, no. 13 (1974): 41-42 (in Turkish).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайнанова М.Р. Общественно-политическая деятельность Садри Максуди в Турецкой республике (1925–1957 гг.). Казань: Институт истории имени Ш. Марджани Академии наук Республики Татарстан, 2019. 176 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Çağatay, S. “Dr. Sahib Cemal Sultan [Dr. Sahib Jamal Sultan].” Kazan, no. 16 (1975): 42-48 (in Turkish).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайнетдинов Р.Б. Тюрко-татарская политическая эмиграция: начало XX века – 30-е годы. Набережные Челны: Камский дом, 1997. 159 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Çağatay, S. “Reşid Rahmeti Arat [Rashid Rahmeti Arat].” TTK Belleten. XXIX/113 (1965): 177-193 (in Turkish).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Илюха О.П. Женский быт в письмах карельской крестьянки начала XX века // Финно-угорский мир. 2012. Т. 13. № 4. С. 379–393. DOI: 10.15507/2076-2577.013.2021.04.379-393. EDN: RGHIYS</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gainanova, M.R. Obshchestvenno-politicheskaia deiatelnost Sadri Maksudi v Turetskoi Respublike (1925-1957 gg.) [Socio-political activities of Sadri Maksudi in the Republic of Turkey (1925-1957)]. Kazan: Institute of History named after Sh. Marjani of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan Publ., 2019 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кабанова С.В. Формирование документов личного происхождения во второй половине XIX – начале XX веков: понятие и виды // 10 корпус. 2019. № 5. С. 43–48. EDN: FXLWXQ</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gainetdinov, R.B. Tiurko-tatarskaia politicheskaia emigratsiia: nachalo XX veka - 30-e gody [Turko-Tatar political emigration: the beginning of the XX century - the 30s.]. Naberezhnye Chelny: Kamskii Dom Publ., 1997 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малахова Т.В. Положение женщины в семье и обществе в период Веймарской республики // Вестник Пермского университета. 2011. № 1. С. 141–148. EDN: NMYJSX</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilyukha, O.P. “Zhenskaia povsednevnost v pismakh karelskoi krestyanki nachala ХХ v. [Female everyday life in letters by a Karelian peasant woman of the early XX century].” Finno-ugorskii mir 13, no. 4 (2012): 379-393 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мухамметдинов Р.Ф. Зарождение и эволюция тюркизма. Казань: Заман, 1996. 270 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kabanova, S.V. “Formirovanie dokumentov lichnogo proiskhozhdeniia vo vtoroi polovine XIX - nachale XX vekov: poniatie i vidy [Formation of documents of personal origin in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries: the concept and types].” 10 korpus. no. 5 (2019): 43-48 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пронин А.А. Эмиграция российских евреев: история двух семей (из архива И.И. Эренбурга) // Документ. Архив. История. Современность. Екатеринбург: Уральский университет, 2014. С. 337–354. EDN: SFTMSH</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaspar von Greyerz. “Ego-Documents: The Last Word?” German History 28, no. 3 (2010): 273-282, https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.013.2021.04.379-393</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сибгатуллина А.Т. Выдающийся тюрколог Рашид Рахмати Арат (к 105-летию со дня рождения) // Тюркологик мәҗмуга. II кисәк. Халыкара тюркологик конференция материаллары. 2004. С. 5–8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khairutdinov, A.G. Musa Dzharullakh Bigiev [Musa Dzharullakh Bigiev]. Kazan: FәN Publ., 2005 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сибгатуллина А.Т. Контакты тюрок-мусульман Российской и Османской империй на рубеже XIX–XX вв. М.: Исток, 2010. 257 с. EDN: QPQQND</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khairutdinov, A.G. Pismennoe nasledie Musy Dzharullakha Bigieva [The written legacy of Musa Dzharullakh Bigiev]. Kazan: Institute of History named after Sh. Marjani of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan Publ., 2019 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Супрыгина Г.Г. Культ матери в Третьем рейхе, его смыслы и последствия // Вестник Томского государственного университета. 2005. № 288. С. 49–55. EDN: KGBIIV</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khәiretdinov, A.G. Musa Dzharullaһ Bigiev [Musa Dzharullakh Bigiev]. Kazan: Dzhyen Publ., 2022 (in Tatar).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Усманова Д.М. Журнал «Яңа япон мөхбире» как источник по истории татарской эмиграции на Дальнем Востоке в 1930-е гг. // Культурные, экономические, технологические контакты и взаимодействие Японии и Татарского мира: история и современность: сборник научных трудов. Казань: Институт истории имени Ш. Марджани Академии наук Республики Татарстан, 2018. С. 177–188.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malakhova, T.V. “Polozhenie zhenshchiny v semie i obshchestve v period Veimarskoi respubliki [The position of women in the family and society during the Weimar Republic].” Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. no. 1 (2011): 141-148 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Усманова Д.М. Тюрко-татарские материалы в архиве Хаттори Сиро (Hattori Siro) университета префектуры Симанэ // Shimane Journal of North East Asian Research. 2015. Vol. 26. P. 41–49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukhametdinov, R.F. Zarozhdenie i evoliutsiia tiurkizma [The origin and evolution of Turkism]. Kazan: Zaman Publ., 1996 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хайрутдинов А.Г.  Письменное наследие Мусы Джаруллаха Бигиева: монография. Казань: Институт истории имени Ш. Марджани Академии наук Республики Татарстан, 2019. 187 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pronin, A.A. “Ehmigratsiia sovetskikh evreev: istoriia dvukh semei (iz arkhiva I. I. Erenburg) [Emigration of the Russian Jews: history of two families (from I. I. Erenburg’s archive)].” In Dokument. Arkhiv. Istoriya. Sovremennost, 337-354. Yekaterinburg: Ural University Publ., 2014 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хайрутдинов А.Г. Муса Джаруллах Бигиев. Казань: FәN, 2005. 177 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharov, K.S. “Muzhchiny i zhenshchiny v verbalnoi kommunikatsii: problema genderlekta [Men and women in verbal communication: the problem of gender intelligence].” Voprosy filosofii, no. 7 (2012): 38-51 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хәйретдинов А.Г. Муса Җаруллаһ Бигиев: фәнни-биографик җыентык. Казан: Җыен, 2022. 350 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sibgatullina, A.T. “Vydaiushchiisia tyurkolog Rashid Rakhmati Arat (k 105-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya) [Outstanding Turkologist Rashid Rahmati Arat (on the 105th anniversary of his birth)].” Tyurkologik mәҗmuga. II kisәk. Khalykara tyurkologik konferentsiya materiallary (2004): 5-8 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаров К.С. Мужчины и женщины в вербальной коммуникации: проблема гендерлекта // Вопросы философии. 2012. № 7. С. 38–51. EDN: NOQVBM</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sibgatullina, A.T. Kontakty tiurok-musulman Rossiiskoi i Osmanskoi imperii na rubezhe XIX-XX vv. [Contacts of Muslim Turks of the Russian and Ottoman Empires at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries]. Moscow: Istok Publ., 2010 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аrslan Reşide. Doktor Rabia Arat’ın kısaca tercümei hali // Kazan. 1974. № 13. S. 41–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suprygina, G.G. “Kult materi v Tretiem reikhe, ego smysly i posledstviia [Cult of mother in The Third Reich, its meanings and consequences].” Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. no. 288 (2005): 49-55 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Çağatay Saadet. Dr. Sahib Cemal Sultan // Kazan. 1975. № 16. S. 42–48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Temir, A. Altmış yıl Almanya: (1936-1996): Bir yabancının gözü ile geziler-araştırmalar [Sixty years of Germany: (1936-1996): Travels with the eyes of a foreigner-research]. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı, 1998 (in Turkish).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Çağatay Saadet. Reşid Rahmeti Arat // TTK Belleten. 1965. XXIX/113. S. 177–193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tevfik, S. “Batil itikatlara inanır mısınız? [Do you believe in superstitions?].” Son Posta. May 13, 1935 (in Turkish).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaspar von Greyerz. Ego-Documents: The Last Word? // German History. 2010. Т. 28. № 3. С. 273–282. https://doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.013.2021.04.379-393</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usmanova, D. “The publication of textbooks by the Turko-Tatar emigration of the Far East and Xinjiang in the 1920-1940s: a comparative characteristic.” In Transference, Interaction, and Social-Cultural Transformations in Eurasia, 141-169. Tokyo: Chuo University Press, 2021 (in Japanese).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Temir Ahmet. Altmış yıl Almanya (1936–1996): Bir yabancının gözü ile geziler-araştırmalar. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı, 1998. 320 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usmanova, D.M. “Tiurko-tatarskie materialy v arkhive Khattori Siro (Hattori Siro) universiteta prefektury Simaneh [Turkic-Tatar materials in the archive of Hattori Siro (Hattori Siro) of the University of Shimane Prefecture].” Shimane Journal of North East Asian Research, no. 26 (2015): 41-49 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Usmanova D. The publication of textbooks by the Turko-Tatar emigration of the Far East and Xinjiang in the 1920–1940s: a comparative characteristic // Transference, Interaction, and Social-Cultural Transformations in Eurasia. 2021. P. 141–169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Usmanova, D.M. “Zhurnal ‘Yaңa yapon mөkhbire’ kak istochnik po istorii tatarskoi ehmigratsii na Dal'nem Vostoke v 1930-e gg. [The magazine ‘Yana Yapon mokhbire’ as a source on the history of Tatar emigration in the Far East in the 1930s.].” In Kulturnye, ekonomicheskie, tekhnologicheskie kontakty i vzaimodeistvie Iaponii i Tatarskogo mira: istoriia i sovremennost. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov, 177-188. Kazan: Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan named after Sh. Marjani Publ., 2018 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yüce Nuri. Reşit Rahmeti Arat // TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi. İstanbul, 1991. Cild. 3. S. 336–337.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Yüce, N. “Reşit Rahmeti Arat [Rashit Rahmeti Arat].” TDV İslam Ansiklopedisi (1991): 336-337 (in Turkish).</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
