RUDN Journal of Russian HistoryRUDN Journal of Russian HistoryВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: История России2312-86742312-8690Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)3279610.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-4-509-525TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FORMATION OF THE USSRК 100‐ЛЕТИЮ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ СССРResearch ArticleU.S. and ‘Turkestan’ Political Exiles during the Cold War: Information Policy of Radio Liberty in Soviet Central AsiaСША и «туркестанские» политэмигранты в холодной войне: информационная политика Радио Свобода в советской Центральной Азииhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-2219AntoshinAlexey V.АнтошинАлексей Валерьевич

Dr. Habil. Hist., Professor of the Oriental Studies Department

д-р истор. наук, профессор кафедры востоковедения департамента международных отношений

alex_antoshin@mail.ruUral Federal UniversityУральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина05122022214To the 100th Anniversary of the Formation of the USSRК 100-летию образования СССР50952505122022Copyright ©; 2022, Antoshin A.V.Copyright ©; 2022, Антошин А.В.2022Antoshin A.V.Антошин А.В.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/32796

US policy in Central Asia is a topical issue that causes discussions among researchers. One can't help wondering about the origins of this policy, particularly during the Cold War era. This, in turn, leads scholars to question the U.S.'s role in the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the formation of independent states in the former territory of Soviet Central Asia. This article discusses the effectiveness of American propaganda services operating in Central Asia during the Cold War. The most prominent structure which tried to influence political sentiments of population of this region was Radio Liberty (RL). It consisted of former Nazi collaborators during World War II, and Soviet propaganda apparatus used this situation. RL used the concept of a united anti-communist Turkestan which was unacceptable for real situations in Soviet Central Asia. Jamming and the lack of feedback from listeners made great obstacles for activity of RL in this region. That is why the author attempts to prove that the effective-ness of this activity was not so great as its financial support. Using archives of Russian and American security services and documents of Central Asian archives, future scholars will have the possibility to clarify this conclusion.

Политика США в Центральной Азии является актуальной проблемой, которая вызывает дискуссии среди исследователей. Нельзя не задаться вопросом об истоках этой политики, особенно в эпоху холодной войны. Это, в свою очередь, заставляет ученых ставить вопрос о роли США в распаде Советского Союза и образовании независимых государств на бывшей территории советской Средней Азии. В исследовании рассматривается эффективность американских пропагандистских служб, действовавших на регион Центральной Азии в период холодной войны. Самой заметной структурой, которая пыталась влиять на политические настроения населения этого региона, было Радио Свобода (РС). Ее подразделения, ориентированные на регион Средней Азии, состояли из бывших коллаборационистов во время Второй мировой войны, и советский пропагандистский аппарат воспользовался этой ситуацией. РС использовала концепцию единого антикоммунистического Туркестана, которая не соответствовала реальной ситуации в советской Средней Азии. Глушение передач радиостанции и отсутствие обратной связи со слушателями создавали большие препятствия для деятельности РС в этом регионе. Именно это доказывает, что эффективность этой деятельности была не столь велика, как ее финансовое обеспечение. Используя архивы российских и американских спецслужб и документы центральноазиатских архивов, исследователи в будущем получат возможность уточнить этот вывод.

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