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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: История России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8674</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8690</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">31796</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8674-2022-21-3-417-431</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Legal and Social Aspects of the Belarusian Economic Emigration to Canada in the 1920s-30s</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нормативно-правовые и социальные аспекты белорусской экономической эмиграции в Канаду в 1920-1930-е гг.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6794-233X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koval</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваль</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in History, Associate Professor of the Department of History of Belarus and Political Science</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. истор. наук, доцент кафедры истории Беларуси и политологии</p></bio><email>koval@belstu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belarusian State Technological University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Белорусский государственный технологический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-08-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">The Petrine Reforms and the Peoples of Russia: On the 350th Anniversary of the Birth of Peter I</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Петровские реформы и народы России: к 350-летию со дня рождения Петра I</issue-title><fpage>417</fpage><lpage>431</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-01"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Koval O.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Коваль О.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koval O.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коваль О.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/31796">https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/31796</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The author examines the main features for the formation of the Belarusian economic emigration to Canada. The intensity of the emigration from 1921 to 1939 was analyzed, when the territory of Western Belarus was a part of Poland. The historical base of the research was the unpublished documents of the Belarusian, Ukrainian and Polish archives. The article presents the structure of state emigration bodies that were involved in organizing and controlling the recruitment of emigrants, their employment and the process of re-emigration. It describes the features of the Canadian legislation for the scale of the Belarusian emigration and the legal adaptation of emigrants. Particular attention is paid to the role of the Canadian railway companies “Canadian National Railways” and “Canadian Pacific Railways” in the selection of emigrants and their employment in agriculture and industry. The author argue that the Polish authorities stimulated the emigration of the Belarusian population for the polonization of Western Belarus. The problematic socio-psychological adaptation of the Belarusian emigrants, because Belarusians in Canada weakly expressed the national identity, is described. The author concludes that the international cooperation had an important role in forming the diaspora’s and national identity, especially the international contacts with the representatives of other peoples and the participation in common political organizations and projects.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Изучаются особенности формирования белорусской экономической эмиграции в Канаду. Проанализирована интенсивность эмиграции из Западной Беларуси, территории которой с 1921 по 1939 г. входили в состав Польши. Исторической базой исследования стали неопубликованные документы белорусских, украинских и польских архивов. Представлена структура государственных эмиграционных органов, которые занимались организацией и контролем рекрутации эмигрантов, их трудоустройством и процессом реэмиграции. Выделены особенности канадского законодательства, которые оказали влияние на масштабы белорусской эмиграции и на правовую адаптацию эмигрантов. Особое внимание уделяется роли железнодорожных канадских компаний «Canadian National Railways» и «Canadian Pacific Railways» в отборе эмигрантов и в их трудоустройстве в сельском хозяйстве и промышленности. В исследовании подчеркивается, что польские власти стимулировали эмиграцию белорусского населения с целью ускоренной полонизации Западной Беларуси. Автор приходит к заключению о проблемной социально-психологической адаптации белорусских эмигрантов при слабо выраженной национальной идентификации белорусов Канады. Особое влияние на формирование белорусской диаспоры в Канаде и национальной идентичности эмигрантов оказывали взаимоконтакты с представителями других народов, участие в общих политических организациях и совместных проектах.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>emigration policy</kwd><kwd>international refugee protection</kwd><kwd>Second Rzeczpospolita</kwd><kwd>Polish immigration policy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эмиграционная политика</kwd><kwd>международная защита беженцев</kwd><kwd>Вторая Речь Посполитая</kwd><kwd>польская эмиграционная политика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleshkovski, I.A., Botcharova, Z.S., and Grebenyuk, A.A. “The Evolution of the International Refugee Protection between the World Wars”. 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