RUDN Journal of Russian HistoryRUDN Journal of Russian HistoryВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: История России2312-86742312-8690Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)2298310.22363/2312-8674-2020-19-1-16-46THE LIFE OF THE NATIONS OF THE USSR BETWEEN 1920-1950ЖИЗНЬ НАЦИЙ СССР В 1920−1950Е ГГ.Research ArticleCultural Diversity and the Interwar Conjuncture: Soviet Nationality Policy in Its Comparative ContextКультурное разнообразие и межвоенная конъюнктура: советская национальная политика в сравнительном контекстеBlitsteinPeter A.БлитстейнПитер A.

PhD in History, AssociateProfessor of History at the Department of History

доктор исторических наук, доцент кафедры истории

peter.a.blitstein@lawrence.eduLawrence UniversityУниверситет Лоренс15122020191THE LIFE OF THE NATIONS OF THE USSR BETWEEN 1920-1950Жизнь наций СССР в 1920−1950-е гг.164626022020Copyright ©; 2020, Blitstein P.A.Copyright ©; 2020, Блитстейн П.A.2020Blitstein P.A.Блитстейн П.A.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/22983

Soviet nationality policy was one of several political responses to cultural diversity in the interwar period. The author situates that policy in its comparative context, contrasting the Soviet Union to its eastern European neighbors and to British and French rule in Africa. Contrary to the nationalizing policies of the new states of eastern Europe, which sought national unity at the expense of ethnic minorities, Soviet nationality policy was initially based on practices of diff erentiation. Contrary to the colonial policies of Britain and France, which were based on ethnic and racial diff erentiation, Soviet policy sought to integrate all peoples into one state. In the mid-to-late 1930s, however, Soviet policy took a nationalizing turn similar to its neighbors in eastern Europe, without completely abandoning policies of ethnic diff erentiation. We should thus understand the Soviet approach as a unique hybrid of contradictory practices of nationalization and diff erentiation.

Советская национальная политика была одним из нескольких политических ответов на культурное разнообразие СССР в межвоенный период. Автор рассматривает эту политику в сравнительном контексте, противопоставляя Советский Союз его восточноевропейским соседям и британскому и французскому правлению в Африке. В отличие от национализаторской политики новых государств Восточной Европы, которые стремились к национальному единству за счет этнических меньшинств, советская национальная политика изначально была основана на практике дифференциации. В отличие от колониальной политики Великобритании и Франции, которая основывалась на этнической и расовой дифференциации, советская национальная политика была направлена на объединение всех народов в единое государство. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что во второй половине 1930-х гг. советская национальная политика приняла характер, схожий с политикой, проводимой в странах Восточной Европы, но без полного отказа от политики этнической дифференциации, что свидетельствует об уникальной специфике советского подхода к вопросам межнациональных отношений, соединявшего в себе противоречивые практики национализации и дифференциации.

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