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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: История России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8674</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8690</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">22317</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8674-2019-18-4-985-1001</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Russian foreign policy: From ‘new thinking’ to multidirectional strategy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Внешняя политика России: от «нового мышления» до многовекторности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sidorova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сидорова</surname><given-names>Надежда Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kandidat politicheskikh nauk [Ph.D. in Political Science], leading researcher of the Institute of Contemporary International Studies, Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Aﬀairs of the Russian Federation.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат политических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Института актуальных международных проблем Дипломатической академии МИД России</p></bio><email>nadsidorova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Contemporary International Studies of the Diplomatic Academy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт актуальных международных проблем Дипломатической академии МИД России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">RUSSIA AND CHINA</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">РОССИЯ И КИТАЙ</issue-title><fpage>985</fpage><lpage>1001</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-12-02"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Sidorova N.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Сидорова Н.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sidorova N.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сидорова Н.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/22317">https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/22317</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article is devoted to the description and analysis of the Russian foreign policy as it has evolved from a more pro-Western line after 1991-1992 to a more balanced and nationalistic version by the mid-1990s. In addition, as a part of this article certain projections are made for the future of Russian relations with the West. The author argues that in many ways the foreign policy of the new Russia during the early 1990s was continuation of the Gorbachev’s ‘new thinking.’ Gorbachev had hoped to put the Soviet Union on the path of partnership with the Western alliance through clearing away the military and political baggage of Stalinism-Brezhnevism. This strategy enjoyed full support of the pro-western democratic movement headed by Yeltsin. The Russian democrats saw Western nations as their chief ideological and political allies, and a possible source of economic aid and a model for Russia’s economic development. However, over time, a number of internal and external factors started to inﬂuence the original Yeltsin’s strategy. Internally, the failure of ‘shock therapy’ led to the weakening of democrats and strengthening of the communists and nationalists. Furthermore, Yeltsin’s foreign policy became the target of intense criticism. Moreover, as a result of the internal and external inﬂuences and speciﬁcally the national debates, Russia’s foreign policy was gradually modiﬁed. Russia again puts an emphasis on security, and on the strength of its armed forces, and forging strategic partnerships in various parts of the world. In addition, nationalism would be expressed through the protection of the Russian diaspora, the gloriﬁcation of Russia’s imperial past, and the scaling down the policy of repentance for the misdeeds of the Communist regime. Russia’s great power ambitions could be observed through Russia’s attempt to play pivotal role throughout the former Soviet Union, and a desire to show the Russian ﬂag across the world. Moreover, ideology does not inﬂuence Kremlin’s relations with other states anymore, instead economic interests encourage Moscow to restore cooperation with many Third World nations. It can be expected that Russia will continue to compete for predominance with the West in the post-soviet republics and in the ﬁeld of security and at the same time Russia will promote its partnership with China and other non-Western actors. However, despite these shifts, a multidirectional strategy will likely be preserved.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной статье предпринимается попытка проанализировать внутренние и внешние причины эволюции российской внешней политики на протяжении всего постсоветского периода, ее нынешние приоритеты, определить вызовы, с которыми России предстоит иметь дело в обозримой перспективе. Показано, как под влиянием «нового мышления» М.С. Горбачева закончилась холодная война. Проанализирована первоначальная прозападная стратегия российского руководства после распада СССР, изложены факторы, приведшие к демонтажу этой стратегии и перезагрузке внешнеполитического курса России в конце 1990-х - начале 2000 -х годов. Рассмотрены основные векторы внешней политики Москвы на современном этапе, дан прогноз развития международных отношений. Автор приходит к выводу, что Россия вновь делает упор на безопасность, сильные вооруженные силы и налаживание стратегического партнерства в различных регионах. Защита национальных интересов находит свое выражение в защите русской диаспоры, прославлении исторических достижений России и противодействии попыткам извратить прошлое. Россия стремится играть ключевую роль на постсоветском пространстве, демонстрируя российский флаг на всех четырех континентах. Идеология больше не влияет на отношения Кремля с другими государствами, а экономические интересы побуждают Москву восстановить сотрудничество со многими странами третьего мира. Можно ожидать, что Россия будет продолжать конкурировать с Западом в постсоветских республиках и в области контроля над вооружениями, одновременно продвигая партнерские отношения с Китаем и другими незападными субъектами. Однако многовекторный курс сохранится.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>the Gorbachev’s ‘new thinking</kwd><kwd>’ the post-soviet space multidirectional course</kwd><kwd>international cooperation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>«новое мышление»</kwd><kwd>М.С. Горбачев</kwd><kwd>постсоветское пространство</kwd><kwd>многовекторный курс</kwd><kwd>международное сотрудничество</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonov, A. Kontrol’ nad vooruzheniyami: istoriya, sostoyaniye, perspektivy. Moscow: ROSSPEN Publ., 2012 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Антонов А. Контроль над вооружениями: история, состояние, перспективы. М.: РОССПЭН, 2012. 245 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bazhanov, Ye.P. 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