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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: История России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8674</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8690</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19110</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8674-2018-17-2-462-481</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>DISCUSSION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУССИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">WEST AND RUSSIA IN THE SECOND PART OF THE 15TH-17TH CENTURIES: POLITICAL FORMS OF MUTUAL ACTION</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ЗАПАД И РОССИЯ ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ XV XVII ВВ.: ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ФОРМЫ ДВИЖЕНИЯ НАВСТРЕЧУ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Georgieva</surname><given-names>Natalia G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Георгиева</surname><given-names>Наталья Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>navladi@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernikova</surname><given-names>Tatiana V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черникова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>tchernikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный институт международных отношений (Университет) МИД России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">JEWS IN RUSSIA</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ЕВРЕИ В РОССИИ</issue-title><fpage>462</fpage><lpage>481</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-08-30"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Georgieva N.G., Chernikova T.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Георгиева Н.Г., Черникова Т.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Georgieva N.G., Chernikova T.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Георгиева Н.Г., Черникова Т.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/19110">https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/19110</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">Global History is one of the phenomena and a consequence of the process of globalization, stimulating intercultural dialog as the basis for improved mutual understanding between people. Numerous modern historians recognize that there is a need to abandon the construction ‘the West and the Rest’ that has dominated for a long time in the historiography. Global History should focus on the study of communication and interaction between governments and nations. Modern historiography refers the beginning of a process of globalization to the 15th century. In connection with this chronological milestone this essay considers the initial phase of the process establishing sustainable relationships between Western Europe and Russia. It began in the second half of the 15th century. In the 17th century all the contacts with Western Europe became a constant of Russian socio-cultural devices and one of the phenomena of Russian history. Despite the support provided to aliens by the Russian government, relationship of the foreigners with the Russian society was contradictory. However, by the end of the 17th century, in attitude of Russian society to everyone who had come from the West began to develop two parallel lines. A negative attitude to the innovation and commitment to old, spiritual and household traditions remained by the peasantry and part of the elite of society. The urban population and the other part of the noble elite of society showed tolerance and willingness to accept much of the new that had appeared in Russia thanks to its rapprochement with the West.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">В связи с развернувшейся в научном сообществе дискуссией авторы статьи на примере взаимоотношений России и стран Запада анализируют соотношение глобальной и национальной историй. Они приходят к заключению о необходимости отказаться в условиях глобализации от конструкции “the West and the Rest”, которая долгое время определяла содержание историографической традиции противопоставления Востока и Запада. В статье опровергается широко распространенное мнение о том, что первые шаги в использовании Россией западных достижений относятся лишь к началу XVIII в. Авторы строят свою концепцию на конкретных фактах, доказывающих, что европеизация Московской державы началась с самого ее рождения как единого и мощного государства. Московской Руси предстояло определить собственную геополитическую роль на международной арене и занять достойное место среди европейских государств. Авторы рассматривают эволюцию в отношениях русских и иностранцев. Первоначально, несмотря на поддержку со стороны русского правительства, эти взаимоотношения имели напряженный и неприязненный характер, что авторы объясняют двумя причинами: особой историко-культурной ментальностью и традиционным консерватизмом русского общества, с одной стороны, и стремлением иностранцев отстоять свою самоидентификацию - с другой. К концу XVII в. в отношениях русского общества с иностранцами наметилось две параллельные линии: крестьянство и часть родовой элиты сохраняли свою негативную позицию; городское население и часть дворянства проявляли толерантность и готовность воспринять многое из того, что пришло с Запада в русскую культуру и быт. Авторы приходят к выводу, что несмотря на известную консервативность русского общества, в нем зарождались элементы принятия тех социокультурных «новин», которые проникали в Россию под влиянием развития ее отношений с западноевропейскими странами и использования профессиональных знаний и умений их отдельных представителей.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>globalization processes</kwd><kwd>Western Europe</kwd><kwd>Ottoman Empire</kwd><kwd>Russia</kwd><kwd>historiography</kwd><kwd>Global History</kwd><kwd>Europeanization</kwd><kwd>‘the West and the Rest’</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>процесс глобализации</kwd><kwd>Западная Европа</kwd><kwd>Оттоманская империя</kwd><kwd>Россия</kwd><kwd>историография</kwd><kwd>глобальная история</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Chakrabarty, Dipesh. “Postcoloniality and the Artifice of History.” In Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference, 27-46. 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