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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Russian History</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: История России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8674</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8690</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17460</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8674-2017-16-4-577-601</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOREIGNERS IN RUSSIA</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Иностранцы в России</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">MOSCOW PRINTERS-FOREIGNERS IN THE LAST THIRD OF THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURY</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИНОСТРАНЦЫ - МОСКОВСКИЕ КНИГОПЕЧАТНИКИ ПОСЛЕДНЕЙ ТРЕТИ XIX - НАЧАЛА XX ВЕКА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksenova</surname><given-names>Galina V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксенова</surname><given-names>Г В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina V. Aksenova, PhD (Doctor of Historical Sciences), Professor of the Department of Russian History of Institute of history and policy at The Moscow pedagogical state university (Moscow, Russia).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аксенова Галина Владимировна - доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры истории России Института истории и политики, Московский педагогический государственный университет (Москва, РФ).</p></bio><email>galax23@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of History and Politics Moscow Pedagogical State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт истории и политики Московский педагогический государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 16, NO4 (2017)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 16, №4 (2017)</issue-title><fpage>577</fpage><lpage>601</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-12-13"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Aksenova G.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Аксенова Г.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aksenova G.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аксенова Г.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/17460">https://journals.rudn.ru/russian-history/article/view/17460</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers the role of foreigners in the publishing business of Moscow in the last third of the 19th - early 20th century on the example of Moscow printers E.-C. A. Lissner and A.A. Levenson, whose ancestors came to Russia from Austria and Germany. The historio-graphical review showed that the history of Moscow publishing houses and foreign printers who arrived in Russia remains beyond the scope of the current scientiﬁ c interest. There are analyzed the stages of the development of the publishing business, it features, printing ﬁ ndings, the speciﬁ cs of the book market.E.-C. A. Lissner and A.A. Levenson are the brightest ﬁ gures in Russia in the ﬁ eld of publishing. Starting from scratch, they were able to create unique typography, in which it was possible to produce multicolour hard products, phototype table, to improve engraving, chromolithography and colour photozincography. To perform these works, they attracted specialists who were able to develop and implement new ways of printing. E.-C. A. Lissner and A.A. Levenson collaborated with the best artists of Russia helping to implement the ideas of publishing quality printed products that contributed to the aesthetic education of readers. The article reveals the importance of the activities of the two publishers of German origin E.-C. A. Lissner and A. Levenson in the development of the Russian culture (literature and art) and the popularization of scientiﬁ c knowledge. They laid new principles of publishing and printing of illustrations, created a new trend in book production. Their activities contributed to the opening of new names in literature and art, promotion of Russian printing technology and book production to both domestic and foreign markets, development of book art and improve-ment of printing.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье на примере московских книгопечатников Э.-К.А. Лисснера и А.А. Левенсона, предки которых прибыли в Россию из Австрии и Германии, раскрывается роль иностранцев в организации издательского дела в Москве в последней трети XIX - нач. XX в. Проанализированы этапы развития основанного ими типографского дела, его особенности, полиграфические находки, репертуар издаваемых книг, специфика освоения книжного рынка. Проведенный анализ позволил установить роль Э.-К.А. Лисснера и А.А. Левенсона в открытии новых имен в литературе и искусстве, в продвижении российских книгопечатных технологий и книжной продукции, в развитии книжного искусства и совершенствовании книгопечатания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history of publishing</kwd><kwd>book culture of Russia</kwd><kwd>printing</kwd><kwd>A. A. Levenson</kwd><kwd>E. A. Lissner</kwd><kwd>Moscow</kwd><kwd>publishers</kwd><kwd>Russian culture</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история издательского дела</kwd><kwd>книжная культура России</kwd><kwd>А.А. Ле-венсон</kwd><kwd>Э.А. 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