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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Public Administration</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Public Administration</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия:  Государственное и муниципальное управление</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8313</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2411-1228</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6599</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">ONLINE COMMUNITIES AND PROTEST ACTIONS: THE SOCIAL MEANINGFULNESS OF THE INTERNET AS TOOL FOR POLICY CRITICISM</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ОНЛАЙН-СООБЩЕСТВА И ПРОТЕСТНЫЕ ДВИЖЕНИЯ: СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ЗНАЧИМОСТЬ ИНТЕРНЕТА КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТА КРИТИКИ ПОЛИТИКИ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babatunde</surname><given-names>Olagoke Oni</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабатундэ</surname><given-names>Олагокэ Они</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Department of Mass Communication</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">Кафедра массовых коммуникаций</bio><email>olagoke_oni@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Redeemer’s University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Редимер</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-03-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO3 (2014)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№3 (2014)</issue-title><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-09-07"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2014, Бабатундэ О.О.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабатундэ О.О.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/public-administration/article/view/6599">https://journals.rudn.ru/public-administration/article/view/6599</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">Community media is created and controlled by a community of people in a geographic space or of similar identity or interest and is different from strictly commercial media, state run media, or public broadcasting. It is essentially meant to engage groups that are normally excluded or marginalized from the mainstream mass media process. Community media’s role becomes particularly evident when people are confronted by circumstances that test their capacity to stick together and forge a common front in dealing with a problem. Although having different technology and structural manifestations, community media have a common denominator which, in all cases, is the intention to push an idea unto the public sphere. Regardless of the issues and politics involved, citizens using the platform of community media want to have an arena to express their ideas to others. Community media exist in various print and electronic modes, including those on digital/new media platforms. In recent times, digital media technologies have grown in a manner that has led to a more widespread and extensive use of communication devices that rely on Internet connectivity to perform many functions. Consequently, emerging on this background are many online communities that serve as platforms for voicing out grievances against unpopular policies, using platforms such as blogs, wikis, vlogs and social media sites. This paper attempts, using virtual ethnography as a method of observation, to critically assess online media communities in Nigeria and situate them within the context of the currently growing trend of voicing social and political protests through the Internet by those who either lacked access to mainstream media or chose Internet platforms due to its peculiar characteristics. It concludes that whereas the Internet has become socially useful to the emergent communities, it has not been able to give them considerable leverage in influencing policy decisions at social and political levels.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">В статье дается анализ формирования такого явления, как медиасообщество, которое создается и управляется сообществом людей, находящихся в одном географическом пространстве или объединенных общими интересами, и значительно отличается как от коммерческих, так и от государственных СМИ или общественного вещания. Автор отмечает, что роль медиасообщества становится особенно очевидной, когда люди сталкиваются с обстоятельствами, которые проверяют их способность держаться вместе и формировать единый фронт в борьбе с проблемой. С другой стороны, задача медиасообщества - выдвижение идеи в публичной сфере. Независимо от проблем и проводимой политики, граждане, использующие платформу медиасообщества, хотят иметь арену, чтобы донести свои идеи до других и быть услышанными. Автор подчеркивает, что медиасообщество может проявляться в различных печатных и электронных способах, в том числе существовать на базе новых цифровых медиаплатформ. Следовательно, в настоящее время существует большое количество возможностей для возникновения интернет-сообществ, которые служат в качестве платформ для озвучивания претензий к проводимой непопулярной государственной политики с помощью блогов, вики, веб-блогах и социальных сетей. В работе предпринята попытка, используя виртуальную этнографию как метод наблюдения, критически оценить значение медиасообществ в Нигерии и рассмотреть их в контексте растущей тенденции выражать социальные и политические протесты через Интернет с помощью тех, кто не имеет доступа к массовой информации или Сети. Сделан вывод о том, что хотя Интернет стал общественно полезным для сообществ, он не в состоянии дать им значительные рычаги в оказании влияния на политические решения в социальной и политической сферах.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Virtual community</kwd><kwd>protest</kwd><kwd>community media</kwd><kwd>online communities</kwd><kwd>digital platform</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>виртуальное сообщество</kwd><kwd>протест</kwd><kwd>медиасообщества</kwd><kwd>интернет-сообщества</kwd><kwd>цифровая платформа</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Anthony, Andrew (2013), “Ricken Patel: The Global Leader of Online Protest”. The Observer, Sunday 17 March, 2013. - URL: http://www.guardian.co.uk/theobserver/2013/ mar/17/ricken-patel-online-activism-leader-avaaz.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>BBC Media Action (2012), “Still left in the dark? 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