<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="brief-report" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1683</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1705</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">47850</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1683-2025-22-2-381-394</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">WJEKXU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PERSONALITY IN CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛИЧНОСТЬ В СОВРЕМЕННОМ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Short Communication</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">School readiness classes and sports classes: The association with inhibition in 5 to 6 year-old boys</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Занятия по подготовке к школе и занятия спортом: связь со сдерживающим контролем у мальчиков 5-6 лет</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-9781</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1007-9720</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chichinina</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чичинина</surname><given-names>Елена Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher, Department of Psychology of language and foreign language teaching, Faculty of Psychology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник, кафедра психологии языка и преподавания иностранных языков, факультет психологии</p></bio><email>alchichini@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9461-1859</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitrieva</surname><given-names>Maria E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриева</surname><given-names>Мария Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Laboratory for Child Psychology and Digital Socialization</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория психологии детства и цифровой социализации</p></bio><email>m.dmitrieva9627@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7489-2986</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8798-8331</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashenko</surname><given-names>Aleksander K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пащенко</surname><given-names>Александр Константинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. in Psychology, Researcher, Laboratory for Child Psychology and Digital Socialization</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат психологических наук, научный сотрудник, лаборатория психологии детства и цифровой социализации</p></bio><email>a.k.pashchenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2063-2892</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2568-1314</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudnova</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руднова</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. in Psychology, Researcher, Laboratory for Child Psychology and Digital Socialization</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат психологических наук, научный сотрудник, лаборатория психологии детства и цифровой социализации</p></bio><email>rudnova.na@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4968-336X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5842-9962</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakushina</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якушина</surname><given-names>Анастасия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. in Psychology, Lecturer, Department of Educational Psychology and Pedagogy, Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University ; Researcher at the Laboratory of Convergent Cognitive Research, Federal Scientific Center of Psychological and Multidisciplinary Research</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат психологических наук, преподаватель, кафедра психологии образования и педагогики, факультет психологии МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова ); исследователь, лаборатория конвергентных когнитивных исследований, Федеральный научный центр психологических и междисциплинарных исследований</p></bio><email>anastsia.ya.au@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Center of Psychological and Multidisciplinary Research</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научный центр психологических и междисциплинарных исследований</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 22, NO2 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 22, №2 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>381</fpage><lpage>394</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Chichinina E.A., Dmitrieva M.E., Pashenko A.K., Rudnova N.A., Yakushina A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Чичинина Е.А., Дмитриева М.Е., Пащенко А.К., Руднова Н.А., Якушина А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chichinina E.A., Dmitrieva M.E., Pashenko A.K., Rudnova N.A., Yakushina A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чичинина Е.А., Дмитриева М.Е., Пащенко А.К., Руднова Н.А., Якушина А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/47850">https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/47850</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to compare the development of cognitive inhibition and motor inhibition in older preschool children participating either in school readiness classes or in sports classes as extracurricular activities. A questionnaire for mothers was used to collect data on extracurricular activities of children. NEPSY-2 subtests were used to assess cognitive inhibition and motor inhibition in children. The sample consisted of 118 boys aged 5–6 years. There were three groups of boys: 38 boys attending only in school readiness classes for at least six months, 40 boys participating only in sports classes for at least six months, and 40 boys in the control group, who did not participate in any extracurricular activities. Girls were not included in the sample since 90 % of children who participated only in sports were boys. The results showed that boys participating only in sports had higher levels of cognitive inhibition than the boys from two other groups. No differences were found between the groups in levels of motor inhibition. The results indicate that participation in sports may be beneficial for the development of inhibition in boys aged 5 to 6 years. These findings indicate that participation in sports may be beneficial for the development of inhibition in boys aged 5–6 years. At the age of 5 to 6, inhibition naturally develops through structured physical activities that incorporate cognitive challenges of increasing difficulty.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель исследования — сравнение уровня развития когнитивного и физического сдерживающего контроля у детей старшего дошкольного возраста, посещающих дополнительные занятия по подготовке к школе и занятия спортом. Для оценки когнитивного и физического сдерживающего контроля были использованы субтесты диагностического комплекса NEPSY-2. Для сбора данных о посещении детьми дополнительных занятий был использован опросник для матерей. Выборка включала в себя 118 мальчиков 5–6 лет и состояла из трех групп: 1) 38 мальчиков, посещавших не менее полугода только дополнительные занятия по подготовке к школе; 2) 40 мальчиков, посещавших не менее полугода только дополнительные занятия спортом; 3) 40 мальчиков, не посещающих никаких дополнительных занятий помимо основной программы детского сада (контрольная группа). Девочек пришлось исключить из выборки, так как в группе детей, посещающих только дополнительные занятия спортом, 90 % были мальчиками. Показано, что мальчики, которые посещали не менее полугода только дополнительные спортивные занятия, имеют более высокий уровень когнитивного сдерживающего контроля, чем мальчики из двух других групп. При этом различий по уровню развития физического сдерживающего контроля между группами не выявлено. Полученные результаты вносят вклад в понимание роли занятий спортом в развитии сдерживающего контроля у мальчиков 5–6 лет. В частности, у мальчиков 5–6 лет занятия спортом могут быть более эффективными для развития сдерживающего контроля, чем занятия по подготовке к школе. Таким образом, можно полагать, что в этом возрасте для развития сдерживающего контроля благоприятна структурированная физическая активность, содержащая в себе возрастающую когнитивную нагрузку.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preschool age</kwd><kwd>boys</kwd><kwd>cognitive inhibition</kwd><kwd>motor inhibition</kwd><kwd>school readiness classes</kwd><kwd>sports classes</kwd><kwd>extracurricular activities</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дошкольный возраст</kwd><kwd>мальчики</kwd><kwd>когнитивный сдерживающий контроль</kwd><kwd>физический сдерживающий контроль</kwd><kwd>подготовка к школе</kwd><kwd>спорт</kwd><kwd>дополнительные занятия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта РНФ № 25-28-01097.</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">This research was funded by Russian Science Foundation grant number 25-28-01097.</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Allan, N.P., Hume, L.E., Allan, D.M., Farrington, A.L., &amp; Lonigan, C.J. (2014). Relations between inhibitory control and the development of academic skills in preschool and kindergarten: A meta-analysis. Developmental Psychology, 50(10), 2368–2379. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037493</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Becker, D.R., McClelland, M.M., Geldhof, G.J., Gunter, K.B., &amp; MacDonald, M. (2018). Open-skilled sport, sport intensity, executive function, and academic achievement in grade school children. Early Education and Development, 29(7), 939–955. https:// doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2018.1479079</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Brydges, C.R., Clunies-Ross, K., Clohessy, M., Lo, Z.L., Nguyen, A., Rousset, C., Whitelaw, P., Yeap, Y.J., &amp; Fox, A.M. (2012). Dissociable components of cognitive control: an event-related potential (ERP) study of response inhibition and interference suppression. PLoS ONE, 7(3), e34482. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034482</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Cortés Pascual, A., Moyano Muñoz, N., &amp; Quílez Robres, A. (2019). The relationship between executive functions and academic performance in primary education: Review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1582. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01582</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Davidson, M.C., Amso, D., Anderson, L.C., &amp; Diamond, A. (2006). Development of cognitive control and executive functions from 4 to 13 years: Evidence from manipulations of memory, inhibition, and task switching. Neuropsychologia, 44(11), 2037–2078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.02.006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64(1), 135–168. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Emslander, V., &amp; Scherer, R. (2022). The relation between executive functions and math intelligence in preschool children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 148(5–6), 337–369. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000369</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Formenti, D., Trecroci, A., Duca, M., Cavaggioni, L., D’Angelo, F., Passi, A., Longo, S., &amp; Alberti, G. (2021). Differences in inhibitory control and motor fitness in children practicing open and closed skill sports. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 4033. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82698-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Gandolfi, E., Traverso, L., Zanobini, M., Usai, M.C., &amp; Viterbori, P. (2021). The longitudinal relationship between early inhibitory control skills and emergent literacy in preschool children. Reading and Writing, 34(8), 1985–2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-021-10131-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Joukova, E.S., Bogoyavlenskaya, D.B., &amp; Artemenkov, S.L. (2023). The main characteristics of the intellectual and personal development of today’s primary schoolchildren. New Ideas in Child and Educational Psychology, 3(1–2), 48–67. https://doi.org/10.11621/nicep.2023.0403</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Karabanova, O.A. (2005). Psychology of family relations and the basics of family counseling. Moscow: Gardariki. (In Russ.). EDN: QXLPKJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Klopotova, E.E., &amp; Yaglovskaya, E.K. (2024). On the possibilities of regulating cognitive activity by older preschoolers. Moscow University Psychology Bulletin, 47(3), 182–206. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.11621/lpj-24-34</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Koepp, A.E., &amp; Gershoff, E.T. (2022). Amount and type of physical activity as predictors of growth in executive functions, attentional control, and social self-control across 4 years of elementary school. Developmental Science, 25(1), e13147. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13147</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Korkman, M., Kirk, U., &amp; Kemp, S. (2007). NEPSY II: Administrative manual (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX, USA: Psychological Corporation.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Lakes, K.D., &amp; Hoyt, W.T. (2004). Promoting self-regulation through school-based martial arts training. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25(3), 283–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2004.04.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Liu, Q., Zhu, X., Ziegler, A., &amp; Shi, J. (2015). The effects of inhibitory control training for preschoolers on reasoning ability and neural activity. Scientific Reports, 5(1), 14200. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14200</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Lubovsky, D.V. (2019). School readiness in children: Types and correlation with duration of school preparation activities. Psychological Science and Education, 24(3), 43–51. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17759/pse.2019240304</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Potanina, A.M., &amp; Morosanova, V.I. (2023). Differential aspects of regulatory and personality resources of students with different profiles of school engagement. Theoretical and Experimental Psychology, 16(4), 218–239. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.11621/tep-23-37</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Ribeiro, F., Cavaglia, R., &amp; Rato, J.R. (2021). Sex differences in response inhibition in young children. Cognitive Development, 58, 101047. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.cogdev.2021.101047</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Semenova, T.S. (2020). Psychological readiness for school as the basis for the welfare of first-grade pupils at the beginning of their learning. Bulletin of Practical Psychology of Education, 17(3), 115–123. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17759/bppe.2020170311</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Simonet, M., Beltrami, D., &amp; Barral, J. (2023). Inhibitory control expertise through sports practice: A scoping review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 41(7), 616–630. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2023.2230713</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Sobkin, V.S., &amp; Skobeltsina, K.N. (2015). Shared activities of parents with their preschool children during family pastime. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 8(2), 52–60. https://doi.org/10.11621/pir.2015.0205</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Soldatenko, K.Yu., &amp; Averin, N.S. (2024). Study of the intellectual readiness of older preschoolers for school using a set of game tasks. Preschool Education Today, 18(3), 28–41. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24412/2782-4519-2024-3123-28-41</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Spiegel, J.A., Goodrich, J.M., Morris, B.M., Osborne, C.M., &amp; Lonigan, C.J. (2021). Relations between executive functions and academic outcomes in elementary school children: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 147(4), 329–351. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000322</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Veraksa, A., Tvardovskaya, A., Gavrilova, M., Yakupova, V., &amp; Musálek, M. (2021). Associations between executive functions and physical fitness in preschool children. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 674746. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.674746</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Veraksa, A.N., Almazova, O.V., &amp; Bukhalenkova, D.A. (2020). Executive functions assessment in senior preschool age: a battery of methods. Psikhologicheskii Zhurnal, 41(6), 108–118. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/S020595920012593-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Veraksa, A.N., Gavrilova, M.N., Karimova, A.I., Solopova, O.V., &amp; Yakushina, A.A. (2023). Regularly functions in preschoolers aged 4–7: The impact of kindergarten attendance span. Moscow University Psychology Bulletin, 46(4), 64–87. (In Russ.) https:// doi.org/10.11621/lpj-23-39</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Veraksa, N.E., Komarova, T.S., &amp; Dorofeeva, E.M. (Eds.). (2019). From birth to school. Innovative general educational program for preschool institutions (5 ed.). Moscow: Mozaika-sintez Publ. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Vitiello, V.E., &amp; Greenfield, D.B. (2017). Executive functions and approaches to learning in predicting school readiness. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 53, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2017.08.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Zhu, X., Tang, Y., Lu, J., Song, M., Yang, C., &amp; Zhao, X. (2025). Inhibitory control and mathematical ability in elementary school children: A preregistered meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 37(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09976-w</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
