RUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsRUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика2313-16832313-1705Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)4565510.22363/2313-1683-2024-21-2-466-489KMTXKGIDENTITY, MIGRATION AND INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACEИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ, МИГРАЦИЯ И МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ НА ПОСТСОВЕТСКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕResearch ArticleContextual and Individual-Personal Factors of the Psychological Adaptation of the Ethnic Majority in Estonia and KyrgyzstanКонтекстуальные и индивидуально-личностные факторы психологической адаптации этнического большинства в Эстонии и Кыргызстанеhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8780-785935095719100ABF-7211-20206029-8489TrifonovaAnastasiia V.ТрифоноваАнастасия Валентиновна

Graduate, Doctoral school of psychology

выпускница аспирантской школы по психологии

avtrifonova@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2046-45298719892500H-4866-20158197-3858LebedevaNadezhda M.ЛебедеваНадежда Михайловна

Doctor of Psychology, Academic Supervisor of the Centre for Sociocultural Research, Professor, Faculty of Social Science, School of Psychology

доктор психологических наук, профессор, профессор департамента психологии факультета социальных наук, научный руководитель Центра социокультурных исследований

nlebedeva@hse.ruNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»15122024212VOL 21, NO2 (2024)ТОМ 21, №2 (2024)46648928082025Copyright ©; 2024, Trifonova A.V., Lebedeva N.M.Copyright ©; 2024, Трифонова А.В., Лебедева Н.М.2024Trifonova A.V., Lebedeva N.M.Трифонова А.В., Лебедева Н.М.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/45655

In the process of acculturation individual-personal and contextual factors do not operate independently of each other but demonstrate close relationships. In this regard, it is important to consider personal and contextual factors of adaptation together, within the framework of a single integrated approach. This exploratory study was aimed at investigating complex personal-contextual factors of the psychological adaptation of the ethnic majority in Estonia and Kyrgyzstan. The sample consisted of 300 Estonians ( M age = 37.09, SD = 17.34; females = 46.4 %) and 300 Kyrgyz ( M age = 35.83, SD = 16.47; females = 68.0 %). The authors used scales from The MIRIPS Questionnaire , The Place Identity Scale (O. Droseltis and V.L. Vignoles) and methods for measuring identities and intercultural attitudes developed at CSCR of HSE. Psychological adaptation was measured using The Satisfaction with Life Scale - SWLS by E. Diener and The Self-Esteem Scale - RSES by M. Rosenberg. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) was used to identify three complex factors in both countries: ethnocultural identity, multicultural orientation, and perceived inclusiveness of context. According to the results, in both Estonia and Kyrgyzstan, ethnocultural identity was positively related to exclusive acculturation expectations; multicultural orientation was positively related to the expectation of integration and negatively related to the expectation of assimilation; and perceived inclusiveness of context was negatively related to the expectation of separation. Positive relationships between perceived inclusiveness of context and indicators of psychological well-being were also culturally universal.

Индивидуально-личностные и контекстуальные факторы в процессе аккультурации действуют не независимо друг от друга, а совокупно, демонстрируя тесные взаимосвязи. В связи с этим важное значение приобретает изучение личностных и контекстуальных факторов адаптации в рамках единого комплексного подхода. Настоящее поисковое эмпирическое исследование направлено на изучение комплексных личностно-контекстуальных факторов психологической адаптации представителей этнического большинства в Эстонии и Кыргызстане. В социально-психологическом опросе приняли участие 300 эстонцев (Mвозраст = 37,09, SD = 17,34; 46,4 % - женщины) и 300 кыргызов (Mвозраст = 35,83, SD = 16,47; 68,0 % - женщины). Для диагностики применялись шкалы из опросника MIRIPS, шкала локальной идентичности О. Дроселтис и В.Л. Вигнолес, а также методики для измерения идентичностей и межкультурных установок, разработанные в ЦСКИ НИУ ВШЭ. В качестве индикаторов психологической адаптации выступали показатели психологического благополучия - удовлетворенность жизнью (шкала Э. Динера) и самоуважение (шкала М. Розенберга). С помощью поискового моделирования структурными уравнениями в обеих странах были выделены три комплексных фактора адаптации: этнокультурная самобытность, ориентация на мультикультурализм и воспринимаемая инклюзивность контекста. И в Эстонии, и в Кыргызстане этнокультурная самобытность положительно связана с эксклюзивными аккультурационными ожиданиями, ориентация на мультикультурализм положительно связана с ожиданием интеграции и отрицательно ¾ с ожиданием ассимиляции, воспринимаемая инклюзивность контекста отрицательно связана с ожиданием сепарации русских. Культурно-универсальными являются также положительные взаимосвязи воспринимаемой инклюзивности контекста с показателями психологического благополучия.

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