RUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsRUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика2313-16832313-1705Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)4565210.22363/2313-1683-2024-21-2-408-426JFYOWBIDENTITY, MIGRATION AND INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACEИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ, МИГРАЦИЯ И МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ НА ПОСТСОВЕТСКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕResearch ArticleThe Permeability of Social Boundaries for Russians in the Post-Soviet Space: The Role of Social Identities and Perceived SecurityПроницаемость социальных границ для русских на постсоветском пространстве: роль социальных идентичностей и воспринимаемой безопасностиhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-99165293-2730BultsevaMaria A.БульцеваМария Александровна

PhD in Psychology, Research Fellow, Centre of Sociocultural Research

кандидат психологических наук, научный сотрудник, Центр социокультурных исследований

mbultseva@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0321-01614171-8178BerberyanAsya S.БерберянАся Суреновна

Doctor of Psychology, Professor

доктор психологических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой психологии

aspsy@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9572-2289Berrios CallejasSonia A.Берриос КальехасСоня Алехандра

PhD student, Research Intern, Centre of Sociocultural Research

аспирант, стажер-исследователь, Центр социокультурных исследований

soniaberrios@mail.ruHSE UniversityНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) UniversityРоссийско-Армянский (Славянский) университет15122024212VOL 21, NO2 (2024)ТОМ 21, №2 (2024)40842628082025Copyright ©; 2024, Bultseva M.A., Berberyan A.S., Berrios Callejas S.A.Copyright ©; 2024, Бульцева М.А., Берберян А.С., Берриос Кальехас С.А.2024Bultseva M.A., Berberyan A.S., Berrios Callejas S.A.Бульцева М.А., Берберян А.С., Берриос Кальехас С.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/45652

Russians are one of the largest ethnocultural minorities in the post-Soviet and the issue of their inclusion in the societies of host countries remains relevant. Therefore, this study was focused on the relationship between perceived security and social identities (civic, ethnic or European) and the perceived permeability of social boundaries for Russians in Armenia, Kazakhstan, Estonia, and Kyrgyzstan. The study had a cross-sectional design. The data were collected online in 2020-2022, from samples of Russian minorities in these countries (total N = 765, including: 145 Russians in Armenia, 133 Russians in Kazakhstan, 186 Russians in Estonia, and 300 Russians in Kyrgyzstan) using the scales of ethnic identity, civic identity and perceived security from the questionnaire of the international MIRIPS project, the scale of European identity developed by K. Velkova, and the scale of permeability of social boundaries by M. Ramos et al. Path models were built to test the hypothesis and find an answer to the research question. The analysis of regression coefficients, as well as direct and indirect effects in the path models, demonstrated a universal positive relationship between perceived security and the perceived permeability of social boundaries for the Russians. The inclusiveness or exclusiveness of a particular identity was found to be culture-specific. Civic identity contributes to the perceived permeability of social boundaries in Armenia, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. European identity impedes perceived it in Kazakhstan. Ethnic identity promotes it in Kazakhstan but hinders it in Estonia (at tendency level). In a number of countries, significant mediation effects of ethnic (Estonia), civic (Kazakhstan and Armenia), and European (Kazakhstan) identities were found. The results were discussed in relation to the structural characteristics of the socio-cultural contexts of the studied countries. It was concluded that perceived security would affect the inclusiveness of the context in combination with social identities, depending on the characteristics of the sociocultural context.

Русские являются одним из самых многочисленных этнокультурных меньшинств на постсоветском пространстве, вопрос их инклюзии в общество принимающих стран не теряет свой актуальности. Поэтому в фокусе данного исследования находится взаимосвязь воспринимаемой безопасности и социальных идентичностей (гражданской, этнической и европейской) с воспринимаемой проницаемостью социальных границ для русских в Армении, Казахстане, Эстонии и Кыргызстане. Исследование имеет кросс-секционный дизайн. Сбор данных был проведен онлайн на выборках русских данных стран (общее количество N = 765: 145 русских в Армении, 133 русских в Казахстане, 186 русских в Эстонии, 300 русских в Кыргызстане) при помощи шкал этнической идентичности, гражданской идентичности и воспринимаемой безопасности из опросника международного проекта MIRIPS, шкалы европейской идентичности, разработанной К. Велковой, и шкалы проницаемости социальных границ М. Рамоса и соавторов. Чтобы проверить гипотезу и найти ответ на исследовательский вопрос были построены путевые модели. Анализ регрессионных коэффициентов, а также прямых и непрямых эффектов в путевых моделях продемонстрировал универсальную позитивную взаимосвязь между воспринимаемой безопасностью и воспринимаемой проницаемостью социальных границ для русских. Инклюзивность или эксклюзивность конкретной идентичности является культурно-специфической. Гражданская идентичность способствует воспринимаемой проницаемости границ в Армении, Казахстане и Кыргызстане. Европейская идентичность препятствует воспринимаемой проницаемости границ в Казахстане. Этническая идентичность способствует воспринимаемой проницаемости границ в Казахстане и препятствует в Эстонии (на уровне тенденции). В ряде стран были обнаружены значимые медиационные эффекты этнической (Эстония), гражданской (Казахстан и Армения) и европейской (Казахстан) идентичностей. Результаты обсуждаются в связи со структурными характеристиками социокультурных контекстов изучаемых стран. Делается вывод о том, что воспринимаемая безопасность сказывается на инклюзивности контекста в комплексе с социальными идентичностями, в зависимости от особенностей социокультурного контекста.

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