RUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsRUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика2313-16832313-1705Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)4376510.22363/2313-1683-2024-21-3-927-948HJNWDTCURRENT TRENDS IN PERSONALITY RESEARCHСОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ЛИЧНОСТИResearch ArticleComparison of the Effectiveness of Methods for Measuring Perceived Economic Inequality in the Russian Sociocultural ContextСравнение эффективности методов оценки воспринимаемого экономического неравенства в российском социокультурном контекстеhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1505-1412AgadullinaElena R.АгадуллинаЕлена Рафиковна

PhD in Psychology, is Associate Professor

кандидат психологических наук, доцент департамента психологии

eagadullina@hse.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2816-7673LavelinaDaria I.ЛавелинаДарья Яковлевна

Research Intern, Laboratory for Psychology of Social Inequality

стажер-исследователь, научно-учебная лаборатория психологии социального неравенства, департамент психологии

dlavelina@hse.ruHSE UniversityНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»0304202521392794809042025Copyright ©; 2024, Agadullina E.R., Lavelina D.I.Copyright ©; 2024, Агадуллина Е.Р., Лавелина Д.Я.2024Agadullina E.R., Lavelina D.I.Агадуллина Е.Р., Лавелина Д.Я.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/43765

To date, a large body or research has been accumulated on the topic of economic inequality. Assessments of the perceived level of economic inequality make a significant contribution to social behavior, such as willingness to support initiatives aimed at reducing inequality. However, there is no consensus among researchers on the methods used to assess perceived economic inequality, and the previously identified classes of methods show that each of them has both advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this paper is to test the effectiveness of various methods for measuring the features of perception of economic inequality in the Russian sociocultural context, using data from 761 respondents ( M age = 36.58, SD age = 10.85). The internal validity is measured by the relationship among the assessments of different methods. The external validity is measured based on the relationship between the obtained assessments and the willingness to justify the existing system, as well as with the support of various procedures and initiatives aimed at reducing inequality (support for a universal basic income and support for the introduction of progressive taxation). Of all the methods tested (3 direct inequality assessment tasks, 2 alternative choice tasks, task of accordance and a self-categorization task), representations of inequality in consumption and self-categorization in social hierarchy have been found to be the most effective ways to assess perceived inequality. Using more effective methods for measuring perceived economic inequality, it is possible to increase the measurement accuracy, make the findings of the work more valid and facilitate comparison of results from different studies.

Экономическому неравенству посвящено большое количество исследований, которое со временем лишь увеличивается. Оценки воспринимаемого уровня экономического неравенства вносят значительный вклад в социальное поведение, например, в готовность поддерживать инициативы, направленные на уменьшение неравенства. Однако среди исследователей нет согласия в используемых методах оценки воспринимаемого экономического неравенства, а выделенные ранее классы методов показывают, что у каждого из них есть как достоинства, так и недостатки. В исследовании с использованием данных 761 респондента ( М возр = 36,58, SD возр = 10,85) проверена эффективность различных способов измерения особенностей восприятия экономического неравенства в российском социокультурном контексте. Внутренняя валидность оценивается связью оценок разных методик между собой. Внешнюю валидность методики оценивали на основе связи полученных оценок с готовностью оправдывать существующую систему, а также с поддержкой различных процедур и инициатив, направленных на снижение уровня неравенства (поддержкой универсального базового дохода; введения прогрессивного налогообложения). Из всех протестированных методов (3 задачи на прямую оценку неравенства, 2 задачи на выбор альтернатив, задача на соотнесение и задача на самокатегоризацию) представления о неравенстве в потреблении и самокатегоризации в социальной иерархии показали наибольшую эффективность. Применение более эффективных методов измерения воспринимаемого экономического неравенства позволяет увеличить точность измерения, повысить валидность выводов и облегчить сравнение результатов разных исследований.

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