RUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsRUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика2313-16832313-1705Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)4375910.22363/2313-1683-2024-21-3-787-809GRPVAGPERSONALITY AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGESЛИЧНОСТЬ И ВЫЗОВЫ СОВРЕМЕННОСТИResearch ArticlePsychological, Socio-Psychological and Cultural-Historical Grounds of Discriminatory Attitudes and Conditions for Overcoming Them: A Systemic-Diachronic ApproachПсихологические, социально-психологические и культурно-исторические основания дискриминационных установок и условия их преодоления: системно-диахронический подходhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8358-597X56528356700C-2869-2013ShamionovRail M.ШамионовРаиль Мунирович

Doctor of Sciences (Psychology), Professor, Head of the Department of Social Psychology of Education and Development

доктор психологических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой социальной психологии образования и развития

vshamionov@mail.ruSaratov National Research State UniversityСаратовский национальный исследовательский государственный университет0304202521378780909042025Copyright ©; 2024, Shamionov R.M.Copyright ©; 2024, Шамионов Р.М.2024Shamionov R.M.Шамионов Р.М.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/43759

The problem of individuals and groups supporting discriminatory attitudes, which is one of the obstacles to the sustainable development of society, is in the field of research attention of psychology, sociology, law and other sciences. The issue of studying the psychological, socio-psychological, and cultural-historical grounds of the formation and support of discriminatory attitudes is one of the most important tasks of modern social psychology. The purpose of the study is to analyze the psychological, socio-psychological and cultural-historical grounds and support for discriminatory attitudes and means of their elimination in a situation of interaction from the standpoint of a systemic-diachronic approach. The author conducted a review and a detailed analysis of research on the cognitive, emotive and conative components of discriminatory attitudes, socio-psychological (including intergroup relations and socialization) and cultural-historical (including competitive relations and cultural transmission) grounds, principles of a systemic-diachronic approach to research, as well as applied research on eliminating discriminatory attitudes. The differentiation of discriminatory attitudes by targets of discrimination and their generalization by type, the presence of common grounds and behavioral manifestations were also noted. In addition, a systemic-diachronic approach was proposed, supported by comprehensive and meta-systemic approaches to the study of attitudes, according to which discriminatory attitudes should be considered as dynamic and structurally homogeneous, characterized by synchrony and diachrony under the influence of situational and evolutionary factors of interaction between an individual or a group with heterogeneous social subjects or objects, and taking into account various explanatory principles of their emergence, functioning and support. As a result of the theoretical analysis, the author developed a model for supporting discriminatory attitudes, reflecting their systemic structure and dynamic aspects of action. The principle of diachrony can be used to destroy consolidated discriminatory attitudes.

Проблема поддержки личностью и группами дискриминационных установок как одно из препятствий устойчивому развитию общества находится в поле исследовательского внимания психологии, социологии, права и других наук. Цель исследования - анализ психологических, социально-психологических и культурноисторических оснований формирования и поддержки дискриминационных установок и средств их устранения в ситуации взаимодействия с позиций системно-диахронического подхода. Проведен обзор и детальный анализ исследований компонентов (когнитивный, эмотивный, конативный) дискриминационных установок, социально-психологических (межгрупповые взаимоотношения и социализация) и культурно-исторических (конкурентные взаимоотношения и культурная трансмиссия) оснований, принципов системно-диахронического подхода к исследованию и прикладных исследований по устранению дискриминационных установок. Отмечена дифференциация дискриминационных установок по мишеням дискриминации и их генерализация по видам, наличие общих оснований и поведенческих проявлений. Предложен системнодиахронический подход, подкрепленный комплексным и метасистемным подходами к изучению установок, в соответствии с которыми дискриминационные установки рассматриваются как динамичные, структурно однородные, характеризующиеся синхронией и диахронией под воздействием ситуативных и эволюционных факторов взаимодействия личности и группы с разнородными социальными субъектами и объектами и учитывающий различные объяснительные принципы их возникновения, функционирования и поддержки. Разработана модель поддержки дискриминационных установок, отражающая их системное строение и динамические аспекты действия. Принцип диахронии может быть использован для разрушения консолидированных дискриминационных установок.

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