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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1683</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1705</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">41495</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1683-2024-21-1-135-156</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ZPHXLZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PERSONALITY AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛИЧНОСТЬ И ВЫЗОВЫ СОВРЕМЕННОСТИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Psychological Factors of Formal and Informal Monetary Borrowing</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Психологические факторы формального и неформального денежного заимствования</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5531-1912</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1210-1467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vikentieva</surname><given-names>Eva N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Викентьева</surname><given-names>Ева Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Psychological Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of Psychology and Human Capital Development</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат психологических наук, доцент, доцент департамента психологии и развития человеческого капитала</p></bio><email>vikentieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7812-7875</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9851-4568</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gagarina</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гагарина</surname><given-names>Мария Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Psychology, Associate Professor at the Department of Psychology and Human Capital Development</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор психологических наук, доцент, доцент департамента психологии и развития человеческого капитала</p></bio><email>MGagarina224@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0458-7705</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4338-1645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelyanova</surname><given-names>Tatyana P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Psychology, Professor, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Social and Economic Psychology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор психологических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория социальной и экономической психологии</p></bio><email>t_emelyanova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Финансовый университет при Правительстве РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт психологии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 21, NO1 (2024)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 21, №1 (2024)</issue-title><fpage>135</fpage><lpage>156</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-10"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Vikentieva E.N., Gagarina M.A., Emelyanova T.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Викентьева Е.Н., Гагарина М.А., Емельянова Т.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vikentieva E.N., Gagarina M.A., Emelyanova T.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Викентьева Е.Н., Гагарина М.А., Емельянова Т.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/41495">https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/41495</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The social category ‘borrowers’ is heterogeneous in a number of indicators. The article raises the problem of differences in the psychological characteristics of borrowers who prefer formal loans and loans from private individuals. The purpose of the study is to analyze the psychological characteristics of consumers of various types of loans. Based on previous research, the authors identified for analysis variables such as time perspective and long-term orientation of the individual, consideration of the consequences of one’s behavior, level of generalized trust, moral foundations, social beliefs and attitudes towards debt, which were presumably associated with people’s preferred type of borrowing. The sample consisted of users of financial services with various types of loans ( N = 1974); they were divided into three groups, homogeneous by type of loans: (1) the respondents who had only loans received from relatives, friends or acquaintances ( N = 97), (2) the respondents who had only loans from microfinance organizations (MFO) ( N = 97), and (3) the respondents who had only consumer loans ( N = 103). The analysis was carried out using the following methods and techniques: The Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ) by J. Haidt (adapted by O.A. Sychev), The Long-Term Orientation of Personality (LTOP) by T.A. Nestik, The Consideration for Future Consequences (CFC) by A. Strathman (adapted by T.A. Nestik), a short version of The Dual Process Model Scales by J. Duckitt (adapted by D.S. Grigoriev), a short version of The Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) , The World Value Survey (WVS) , The Personal Belief in a Just World Scale by K. Dalbert with two subscales: belief in the justice of the world and belief in the justice of the world in relation to oneself (adapted by S.K. Nartova-Bochaver), and The Debt Behavior Express Inventory . In each group of the respondents, significant differences were found in the structure of relationships among the studied parameters. The results showed that the respondents who had only non-institutional loans, in contrast to those who had exclusively bank or MFO loans, were less loyal to their group (low traditionalism), which in their perceptions was associated with reduced trust in (regional) authorities. This may indicate the autonomy of these borrowers in social terms. The limitations of the study were also noted. Finally, the prospects for further research were outlined and the possibilities of practical use of the results obtained were determined.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Социальная категория «заемщики» неоднородна по целому ряду показателей. В статье поднимается проблема различий в психологических особенностях заемщиков, предпочитающих формальные кредиты и займы у частных лиц. Цель исследования - анализ психологических особенностей потребителей различных видов займов. На основании предыдущих исследований авторов были выделены для анализа такие переменные, как временная перспектива и долгосрочная ориентация личности, учет последствий своего поведения, уровень генерализованного доверия, моральные основания, социальные верования и установки по отношению к долгу, которые предположительно связаны с предпочитаемым людьми типом заимствования. Выборку составили пользователи финансовых услуг, имеющие различные виды займов ( N = 1974), из них были выделены три группы, гомогенные по видам займов: респонденты, имеющие только займы, полученные от родственников, друзей, знакомых ( N = 97), респонденты, имеющие только займы в МФО ( N = 97), респонденты, имеющие только потребительский кредит ( N = 103). Были использованы методики: Опросник моральных оснований Дж. Хайдта в адаптации О.А. Сычева, Долгосрочная ориентация личности Т.А. Нестика, Методика учета будущих последствий А. Стратмена в адаптации Т.А. Нестика, краткая версия методики Дж. Даккита в адаптации Д.С. Григорьева, краткая версия Стэнфордского опросника временной перспективы Ф. Зимбардо, World Value Survey, шкала веры в справедливый мир К. Далберт в адаптации С.К. Нартовой-Бочавер, экспресс-опросник долгового поведения. Обнаружены существенные различия между группами в структуре взаимосвязей между исследуемыми параметрами внутри каждой группы заемщиков. Результаты показывают, что респонденты, имеющие только неинституциональные займы, в отличие от респондентов, имеющих исключительно банковские кредиты или займы МФО, обнаруживают более низкую лояльность к своей группе (невысокий традиционализм), которая в их представлениях связывается с пониженным доверием к властям (региональные власти). Такая система представлений может говорить об автономности этих заемщиков в социальном плане. Отмечены ограничения проведенного исследования. Намечены перспективы дальнейших исследований и определены возможности практического использования полученных результатов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>formal money borrowing</kwd><kwd>non-formal money borrowing</kwd><kwd>borrower’s personality</kwd><kwd>time perspective</kwd><kwd>trust</kwd><kwd>moral foundations</kwd><kwd>social beliefs</kwd><kwd>debt attitudes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>формальное денежное заимствование</kwd><kwd>неформальное денежное заимствование</kwd><kwd>личность заемщика</kwd><kwd>временная перспектива</kwd><kwd>доверие</kwd><kwd>моральные основания</kwd><kwd>социальные верования</kwd><kwd>долговые установки</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Achtziger, A., Hubert, M., Kenning, P., Raab, G., &amp; Reisch, L. (2015). 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