RUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsRUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика2313-16832313-1705Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)4148910.22363/2313-1683-2024-21-1-11-34SMGWOVINTERDISCIPLINARITY IN PSYCHOLOGY: NEW RESEARCH TRENDSМЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОСТЬ В ПСИХОЛОГИИ: НОВЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЕ ТРЕНДЫResearch ArticleUsing Language Entropy to Characterize Bilingual Language Experience: a Study of Adyghe-Russian and Tatar-Russian BilingualsПрименение метода языковой энтропии для измерения билингвального языкового опыта: исследование носителей адыгейского и русского, татарского и русского языковhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0252-62954283-0755SemenovaElena Yu.СеменоваЕлена Юрьевна

Junior Researcher, Center for Cognitive Sciences

младший научный сотрудник, Научный центр когнитивных исследований

esem7enova@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-8447-0452LindKaterina V.ЛиндКатерина Валерьевна

PhD in Population Health, Research Fellow, Center for Cognitive Sciences

PhD, научный сотрудник, Научный центр когнитивных исследований

lind.kv@talantiuspeh.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7430-19638068-9856LogvinenkoTatiana I.ЛогвиненкоТатьяна Игоревна

Research Fellow, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital

научный сотрудник, Отделение детской и подростковой психиатрии, психосоматики и психотерапии, Университетская клиника

logvinenkota.spb@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-41814453-4618GrigorenkoElena L.ГригоренкоЕлена Леонидовна

PhD in General and Educational Psychology, PhD in Developmental Psychology and Genetics, Scientific Supervisor, Sirius Center for Cognitive Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology (Sirius, Krasnodar Region, Russia); Leading Scientist, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education (Moscow, Russia); Hugh Roy and Lillie Cranz Cullen Distinguished Professor of Psychology, University of Houston (Houston, TX, USA); Professor, Baylor College of Medicine (Houston, TX, USA); Professor, Yale University (New Haven, CT, USA). Honorary Editor of RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics

доктор психологических наук, профессор, научный руководитель, Научный центр когнитивных исследований, Научно-технологический университет «Сириус» (Краснодарский край, пгт. Сириус, Россия); ведущий научный сотрудник, Московский государственный психолого-педагогический университет (Москва, Россия); заслуженный профессор психологии Хью Рой и Лилли Кранц Каллен, Хьюстонский университет (Хьюстон, США); профессор, Медицинский колледж Бейлора (Хьюстон, США); профессор, Йельский университет (Нью-Хейвен, США).

Elena.Grigorenko@times.uh.eduSirius University of Science and TechnologyНаучно-технологический университет «Сириус»Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat MunichМюнхенский университет имени Людвига и МаксимилианаMoscow State University of Psychology and EducationМосковский государственный психолого-педагогический университетUniversity of HoustonХьюстонский университетBaylor College of MedicineМедицинский колледж БейлораYale UniversityЙельский университет10112024211VOL 21, NO1 (2024)ТОМ 21, №1 (2024)113410112024Copyright ©; 2024, Semenova E.Y., Lind K.V., Logvinenko T.I., Grigorenko E.L.Copyright ©; 2024, Семенова Е.Ю., Линд К.В., Логвиненко Т.И., Григоренко Е.Л.2024Semenova E.Y., Lind K.V., Logvinenko T.I., Grigorenko E.L.Семенова Е.Ю., Линд К.В., Логвиненко Т.И., Григоренко Е.Л.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/41489

It is believed that bilingualism contributes to the enhancement of executive functions in bilingual individuals as they need to constantly control the simultaneous activation of two or more languages in their brains. However, decades of research have led to contradictory conclusions regarding the existence of bilingual advantage. One of the promising approaches to resolving these contradictions is a more detailed examination of bilingual language experience. The aim of this study was twofold. First is to empirically test the language entropy method as a way of measuring variability in bilingual language use in different interaction contexts. Second is to examine the relationship between bilinguals’ language entropy and executive functions (cognitive flexibility, goal maintenance, conflict monitoring). The study involved 111 bilinguals (mean age = 20.5 (2.97); 75.7% female), who are speakers of Adyghe-Russian and Tatar-Russian languages. The battery of instruments included a questionnaire on demographic and language experience, containing questions to calculate language entropy in four contexts (home, university, work, free time), a Color-shape switching task to measure executive functions (domains of cognitive flexibility, goal updating, conflict monitoring), and Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Test to assess nonverbal intelligence. The results demonstrated that language entropy of the bilinguals from both regions did not exceed a score of 0.66 in all the contexts which indicates the use of predominantly one language in everyday communications. However, in the “university” context, bilinguals speaking Tatar and Russian used languages in a more balanced way than bilinguals speaking Adyghe and Russian languages. The results suggest that the language entropy method can be highly effective for characterizing bilingual language experience. The results also showed that there was no relationship between language entropy of the bilinguals in this study and their executive functions (domains of cognitive flexibility, goal updating, conflict monitoring). This is consistent with the predictions of the Adaptive Control Hypothesis.

Считается, что опыт владения двумя языками способствует более эффективной работе исполнительных функций билингвов, поскольку им необходимо постоянно регулировать одновременную активацию двух или нескольких языков. Однако результаты десятилетий исследований привели к противоречивым выводам относительно существования подобного билингвального преимущества. Одним из многообещающих подходов к разрешению противоречий является более детальное рассмотрение природы билингвального языкового опыта. Цель данной работы состояла, во-первых, в эмпирической проверке метода языковой энтропии как способа измерения вариативности в использовании языков билингвами в различных контекстах взаимодействия; во-вторых, в изучении взаимосвязи между показателями языковой энтропии и компонентами исполнительных функций билингвов (когнитивная гибкость, актуализация цели, мониторинг конфликтов). В исследовании приняли участие 111 билингвов-студентов вузов (средний возраст 20,5 (2,97); 75,7% женщины), являющиеся носителями адыгейского и русского, татарского и русского языков и проживающие в Республике Адыгея и Республике Татарстан соответственно. Батарея инструментов включала опросник о демографическом и языковом опыте, содержащий вопросы для расчета показателей языковой энтропии в четырех социальных контекстах (дом, университет, работа, свободное время), задача Color-shape switching task для измерения исполнительных функций, а также тест на оценку невербального интеллекта. Результаты исследования показали, что языковая энтропия билингвов из обоих регионов не превышала показателя 0,66 в четырех контекстах, что говорит об использовании преимущественно одного языка в повседневном общении. Однако в контексте «университет» билингвы, говорящие на татарском и русском языках, использовали языки более сбалансированно, чем билингвы, говорящие на адыгейском и русском языках. Результаты также указали на отсутствие взаимосвязи между языковой энтропией билингвов в данном исследовании и компонентами исполнительных функций, что соотносится с предположениями гипотезы адаптивного контроля (Adaptive Control Hypothesis).

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