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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1683</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1705</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">36958</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1683-2023-20-3-446-463</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BKSMHI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>THE ROLE OF LEADING ACTIVITY IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT: THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S PLAY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РОЛЬ ВЕДУЩЕЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В РАЗВИТИИ РЕБЕНКА: ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭМПИРИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ИГРЫ ДОШКОЛЬНИКОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Playing with a Doll Family: Key Characteristics of Junior Preschoolers’ Play Behaviour</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Игра с игрушечной семьей: ключевые характеристики игрового поведения младших дошкольников</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-5743</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sukhikh</surname><given-names>Vera L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сухих</surname><given-names>Вера Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher of the Department of Psychology of Education and Pedagogy, Faculty of Psychology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник, кафедра психологии образования и педагогики, факультет психологии</p></bio><email>sukhikhvera@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-7467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Veresov</surname><given-names>Nikolai N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вересов</surname><given-names>Николай Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Psychology, is Associate Professor, Faculty of Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат психологических наук, профессор факультета образования</p></bio><email>nveresov@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8458-5266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrilova</surname><given-names>Margarita N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>Маргарита Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Psychology, is Researcher of the Department of Psychology of Education and Pedagogy, Faculty of Psychology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат психологических наук, младший научный сотрудник, кафедра психологии образования и педагогики, факультет психологии</p></bio><email>gavrilovamrg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Monash University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Монаш</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Phenomenology of Childhood in Contemporary Research Contexts</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Феноменология детства в современных исследовательских контекстах</issue-title><fpage>446</fpage><lpage>463</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-06"><day>06</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Sukhikh V.L., Veresov N.N., Gavrilova M.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Сухих В.Л., Вересов Н.Н., Гаврилова М.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sukhikh V.L., Veresov N.N., Gavrilova M.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сухих В.Л., Вересов Н.Н., Гаврилова М.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/36958">https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/36958</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The age of 3-4 years is the initial stage in the development of pretend play, or play involving an imaginary situation. In this process, the leading role belongs to dramatic play with toys, the importance of which for children’s development cannot be underestimated. The qualitative analysis of children’s play presented in this research forms part of a large study aimed at identifying the features of children’s play and the toy preferences throughout the entire preschool age. Ten 3-4-year-old children during five play sessions were asked to play a story with a doll family. Before and after the play sessions, all children were tested to assess the level of development of executive functions, imagination, and the type of attachment was determined for each child using a survey of teachers and mothers. The video recordings of the play sessions were then analyzed. The purpose of the analysis was to identify the characteristics of 3-4-year-old children’s play behavior and to explore the relationship of the play features with the indicators of individual development. The experimental setting with a series of play sessions also made it possible to assess the dynamics in play development for each child. To evaluate the play, the following indicators were used: the theme and content of play, spatial substitution, the extent of elaborateness and stability of the play idea, the level of play actions with a toy, and the elaborateness of role-play interactions. The results showed that the level of development of free play involving an imaginary situation for 3-4-year-old children could be defined as generally low, regardless of the level of individual development indicators. A comparison of the first and the fifth play sessions did not reveal any positive dynamics in the level of play development. These results indicate the important role of adult participation in the support and development of children’s play. They can form the basis for the practical recommendations for teachers and parents how to scaffold the playing process of 3-4 years old children.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Возраст 3-4-х лет является начальным этапом формирования игры с воображаемой ситуацией. Ведущая роль на этом этапе принадлежит режиссерской игре с игрушками, значение которых для детского развития нельзя недооценивать. Представленный в исследовании качественный анализ детской игры является частью большой работы, направленной на выявление особенностей детской игры и предпочтений в отношении игрушек на протяжении всего дошкольного возраста. В рамках исследования 10 детям 3-4-х лет в течение пяти игровых занятий было предложено разыграть историю с кукольной семьей. До и после игровых занятий проводилось тестирование детей для оценки уровня развития регуляторных функций, воображения, а также определялся тип привязанности для каждого ребенка с помощью опроса педагогов и матерей. Затем анализировались видеозаписи игровых сессий с целью выявления особенностей игрового поведения детей 3-4-х лет и соотнесения особенностей игры с показателями индивидуального развития. Организация серии игровых встреч позволила оценить динамику в развитии игры для каждого ребенка. Для оценки использовались следующие показатели: тема и содержание игры, пространственное замещение, развернутость и устойчивость игрового замысла, уровень игровых действий с игрушкой и развернутость ролевых взаимодействий. Результаты показали, что уровень развития свободной игры с воображаемой ситуацией для детей 3-4-х лет можно определить в целом как низкий вне зависимости от уровня индивидуальных показателей развития; сравнение первой и пятой игровых встреч не выявило общей тенденции к положительной динамике в уровне развития игры. Эти результаты указывают на важную роль участия взрослых в поддержке и развитии детской игры. Они могут лечь в основу практических рекомендаций педагогам и родителям по организации игрового процесса детей 3-4-х лет.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dramatic play</kwd><kwd>role-play</kwd><kwd>pretend play</kwd><kwd>play development level</kwd><kwd>toys</kwd><kwd>junior preschool age</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>режиссерская игра</kwd><kwd>сюжетно-ролевая игра</kwd><kwd>уровень развития игры</kwd><kwd>игрушки</kwd><kwd>младший дошкольный возраст</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation project no. 22-78-10097.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке проекта РНФ № 22-78-10097.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burghardt, G.M. (2010). 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