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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1683</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1705</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">31388</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1683-2022-19-2-195-208</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PERSONALITY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: DEVELOPMENT, COGNITION, COMMUNICATION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛИЧНОСТЬ В ЦИФРОВУЮ ЭПОХУ: РАЗВИТИЕ, ПОЗНАНИЕ, КОММУНИКАЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Heuristics: Human and Nonhuman</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эвристики человеческие и нечеловеческие</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5213-1366</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voiskounsky</surname><given-names>Alexander E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Войскунский</surname><given-names>Александр Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. in Psychology, is Leading Researcher, Department of General Psychology, Faculty of Psychology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат психологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, кафедра общей психологии, факультет психологии</p></bio><email>vae-msu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-06-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Digital Society as a Cultural and Historical Context of Personality Development</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Цифровое общество как культурно-исторический контекст развития личности</issue-title><fpage>195</fpage><lpage>208</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-02"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Voiskounsky A.E.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Войскунский А.Е.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voiskounsky A.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Войскунский А.Е.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/31388">https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/31388</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The problems of artificial intelligence from the very beginning of this applied area of science in the mid-20th century have closely intersected with psychological problems, primarily with the psychology of thinking. As experience shows, not only real developments in artificial intelligence but also the discussed prospects for building its working models largely depend on technological progress in the field of computers and software. The paper discusses the changes in representations of heuristics understood as creative thinking and as techniques or rules that are useful for finding solutions to problems. The following issues are specifically considered: the psychological side of the problems of heuristic programming, the similarities and differences between human and computer heuristics, the probability and possible consequences of the singularity phenomenon (understood as the superiority of artificial intelligence over natural one), including the example of the functioning of the community of professional chess players. It is concluded that the progress of computer models and artificial intelligence systems are promising for the positive transformation of the human psyche.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Проблематика искусственного интеллекта с самого зарождения данного прикладного направления науки в середине ХХ в. тесно пересекается с психологической проблематикой, в первую очередь с психологией мышления. Как показывает опыт, не только реальные разработки в области искусственного интеллекта, но и обсуждаемые перспективы построения работающих моделей искусственного интеллекта в значительной степени зависят от технического прогресса в области создания компьютеров и программного обеспечения. Обсуждается изменение представлений о эвристиках, понимаемых как творческое мышление и как приемы или правила, полезные для поиска решения задач. Конкретно рассматриваются психологическая сторона проблематики эвристического программирования, сходство и различие человеческих и компьютерных эвристик, вероятность и возможные последствия явления сингулярности (понимаемой как превосходство искусственного интеллекта над естественным), в том числе на примере функционирования сообщества профессиональных шахматистов. Делается вывод, согласно которому прогресс компьютерных моделей и систем искусственного интеллекта перспективны для позитивного преобразования человеческой психики.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>heuristic thinking</kwd><kwd>heuristics</kwd><kwd>heuristic programming</kwd><kwd>multiple intelligence</kwd><kwd>neural network</kwd><kwd>deep learning</kwd><kwd>singularity</kwd><kwd>chess players</kwd><kwd>mediation</kwd><kwd>activity transformation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>эвристическое мышление</kwd><kwd>эвристика</kwd><kwd>эвристическое программирование</kwd><kwd>множественный интеллект</kwd><kwd>нейросеть</kwd><kwd>глубокое обучение</kwd><kwd>сингулярность</kwd><kwd>шахматисты</kwd><kwd>опосредствование</kwd><kwd>преобразование деятельности</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 18-18-00365.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке РНФ, проект № 18-18-00365.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev, A.P., &amp; Alekseeva, I.Y. 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