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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1683</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1705</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">29900</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1683-2021-18-4-751-769</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PERSONALITY IN THE MODERN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN RUSSIA AND IN THE WORLD</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛИЧНОСТЬ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЕ В РОССИИ И МИРЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Impact of Music Training on the Cognitive Development of Preschool and Junior School Children: A Review of Research</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние занятий музыкой на когнитивное развитие в дошкольном и младшем школьном возрасте: обзор исследований</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-9127</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayanova</surname><given-names>Larisa F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баянова</surname><given-names>Лариса Фаритовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Psychology, Professor, is Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Childhood Psychology and Digital Socialization, Psychological Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор психологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории психологии детства и цифровой социализации, Психологический институт</p></bio><email>balan7@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4523-1051</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukhalenkova</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бухаленкова</surname><given-names>Дарья Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Psychology, is Associate Professor of the Department of Educational Psychology and Pedagogy, Faculty of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, and Scientific Researcher of the Laboratory of Childhood Psychology and Digital Socialization, Psychological Institute, Russian Academy of Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат психологических наук, доцент кафедры психологии образования и педагогики, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова; научный сотрудник лаборатории психологии детства и цифровой социализации, Психологический институт, Российская академия образования</p></bio><email>d.bukhalenkova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8845-1575</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>Alexandra G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>Александра Георгиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Psychology, is Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Childhood Psychology and Digital Socialization, Psychological Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат психологических наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории психологии детства и цифровой социализации, Психологический институт</p></bio><email>ag.dolgikh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7220-9781</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chichinina</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чичинина</surname><given-names>Елена Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Researcher of the Department of Educational Psychology and Pedagogy, Faculty of Psychology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник кафедры психологии образования и педагогики, факультет психологии</p></bio><email>alchichini@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Психологический институт Российской академии образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 18, NO4 (2021)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 18, №4 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>751</fpage><lpage>769</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-30"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Bayanova L.F., Bukhalenkova D.A., Dolgikh A.G., Chichinina E.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Баянова Л.Ф., Бухаленкова Д.А., Долгих А.Г., Чичинина Е.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bayanova L.F., Bukhalenkova D.A., Dolgikh A.G., Chichinina E.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баянова Л.Ф., Бухаленкова Д.А., Долгих А.Г., Чичинина Е.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/29900">https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/29900</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The review presents the results of studies of the impact of music training on the cognitive development of preschool and junior school children. It is shown that music lessons can contribute to the development of reading, writing, listening and speaking as well as mathematical skills, memory, intelligence, and executive functions. After analyzing a number of relevant studies, the authors came to the following conclusions: (1) the impact of music lessons on the development of the cognitive sphere in children is associated with concomitant factors, such as: parental involvement in music lessons and home musical environment, age when a child begins to take music lessons and their duration, socioeconomic status of the family; and 2) it is systemic music training, which includes singing, playing musical instruments and solfeggio, that can have a beneficial effect on cognitive development. The mechanisms by which music training promote the cognitive development of children were also examined. While a vast body of work confirms the beneficial effects of music training in this regard, there are a number of studies showing no such effects. Special consideration is also given to the reasons why positive research results can be erroneous. In conclusion, the authors give recommendations for designing further research on this topic as well as for organizing music lessons for children of preschool and junior school age.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Рассмотрены результаты исследований, в которых описывается влияние занятий музыкой на когнитивное развитие детей дошкольного и младшего школьного возрастов. Показано, что занятия музыкой могут способствовать развитию устной и письменной речи, навыков чтения и математических навыков, памяти, интеллекта, регуляторных функций. Установлено, что влияние занятий музыкой на развитие когнитивной сферы связано также с сопутствующими факторами: участием родителей в занятиях музыкой и домашней музыкальной средой, возрастом начала и продолжительностью занятий музыкой, социально-экономическим статусом семьи. Кроме того, продемонстрировано, что именно системное музыкальное образование, включающее в себя обучение пению, игре на музыкальных инструментах, сольфеджио, может благотворно повлиять на когнитивное развитие. Представлены механизмы, за счет которых музыкальное обучение способствует когнитивному развитию детей. Несмотря на большее количество работ, подтверждающих влияние музыкальных занятий на когнитивное развитие детей, есть ряд исследований, результаты которых говорят об отсутствии такого влияния. Приводится анализ причин, в силу которых положительные результаты исследований могут быть ошибочными. Даны рекомендации для дизайна дальнейших исследований по данной теме, а также практические рекомендации по организации музыкальных занятий для детей дошкольного и младшего школьного возрастов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preschool age</kwd><kwd>junior school age</kwd><kwd>music training</kwd><kwd>cognitive development</kwd><kwd>language skills</kwd><kwd>mathematical skills</kwd><kwd>memory</kwd><kwd>intelligence</kwd><kwd>executive functions</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дошкольный возраст</kwd><kwd>младший школьный возраст</kwd><kwd>музыка</kwd><kwd>когнитивное развитие</kwd><kwd>речевые навыки</kwd><kwd>математические навыки</kwd><kwd>память</kwd><kwd>интеллект</kwd><kwd>регуляторные функции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the RSF, project No. 21-78-10153.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта РНФ № 21-78-10153.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ailamazyan, A.M. 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