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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1683</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1705</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">26911</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1683-2021-18-2-391-401</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IMAGES AND MEDIA</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИЗОБРАЖЕНИЯ И МЕДИА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">From Prototypical Stimuli to Iconographic Stimuli: The Power of Images in the Study of Social Representations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>От прототипических к иконографическим стимулам: потенциал образов в изучении социальных представлений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5159-9162</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Galli</surname><given-names>Ida</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галли</surname><given-names>Ида</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., is Full Professor of Social Psychology at the Department of Social Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ph.D., профессор социальной психологии департамента социальных наук</p></bio><email>idagalli@unina.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8908-3284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fasanelli</surname><given-names>Roberto</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фазанелли</surname><given-names>Роберто</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. in Health Psychology, individual and social risk prevention, is an Assistant Professor of Social Psychology and Risk Psychology at the Department of Social Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ph.D. в области психологии здоровья, предотвращения индивидуальных и социальных рисков, доцент кафедры социальной психологии и психологии риска департамента социальных наук</p></bio><email>roberto.fasanelli@unina.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The University of Naples Federico II</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Неаполитанский университет имени Фридриха II</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-08-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Theory of Social Representations around the World</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Развитие теории социальных представлений в России и мирe</issue-title><fpage>391</fpage><lpage>401</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Galli I., Fasanelli R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Галли И., Фазанелли Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Galli I., Fasanelli R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Галли И., Фазанелли Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/26911">https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/26911</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">When we are interested in the image of a social object, we are interested in what individuals have perceived about that object, the ways in which they have interpreted those perceptions, and what they think about that object. Fully agreeing with the idea that the use of iconographic stimuli can enhance the traditional methods and techniques that are used to study any social representation, in this article, two techniques will be presented. The first, the prototypical stimuli technique, was proposed in the second half of the 1980s by Galli and Nigro. The second technique, iconographic stimuli, creatively integrate images and words in a single tool, was designed more recently to study the social representation of culture by Galli, Fasanelli, and Schember. Researches here reviewed clearly shows that the image has the great power to attract to itself the very objects depicted, a power that the word often does not possess. It is images that make people reflect, help them to think about issues concerning the fundamental aspects of everyday life. The work here presented, carried out in first person by the writer, as well as by all the other authors who are concentrating their efforts in this direction, only represents a starting point of reflection. New and more articulated studies will be able to support with heuristic evidence what so far seems to be configured as a suggestive hypothesis, which in any case will require a wider and shared interdisciplinary effort.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Когда психологов интересует образ социального объекта, они изучают, что люди думают об этом объекте, как восприняли его, как проинтерпретировали это восприятие. Полностью соглашаясь с идеей о том, что применение иконографических стимулов может усилить традиционные методы, приемы и техники, которые используются для изучения социального представления, в настоящем исследовании авторы представили две техники: 1) прототипических стимулов, предложенную во второй половине 1980-х годов Галли и Нигро; 2) иконографических стимулов, творчески интегрирующую образы и слова в единый инструмент, недавно разработанную Галли, Фазанелли и Шембером для изучения социального представления о культуре. Исследования, обзор которых представлен в статье, ясно демонстрируют, что образ обладает огромной притягательной силой, силой, которую часто не имеет слово. Именно образы заставляют людей задуматься, помогают им размышлять над вопросами, касающимися фундаментальных аспектов повседневной жизни. Предложенная в статье разработка мультиметодического подхода к исследованию социальных представлений является лишь отправной точкой для размышлений, новые и более четко организованные исследования смогут подкрепить эвристическими доказательствами то, что пока выглядит как гипотеза, которая в любом случае потребует более широких и совместных междисциплинарных усилий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>social representations</kwd><kwd>prototypical stimuli</kwd><kwd>iconographic stimuli</kwd><kwd>multi-methods approach</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социальные представления</kwd><kwd>прототипические стимулы</kwd><kwd>иконографические стимулы</kwd><kwd>мультиметодический подход</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abric, J.-C. (1987). Coopération, compétition et représentations sociales. 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