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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1683</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1705</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">26158</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1683-2021-18-1-217-234</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PERSONALITY IN THE DIGITAL SPACE: NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЧЕЛОВЕК В ЦИФРОВОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ: НОВЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ И ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Human-Computer Interaction in Translation Activity: Fluency of Machine Translation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Взаимодействие «человек - компьютер» в переводческой деятельности: проблемы беглости машинного перевода</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Welnitzova</surname><given-names>Katarina</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Велницова</surname><given-names>Катарина</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>assistant of Translation Studies at the Department of Translation Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, ассистент кафедры переводоведения</p></bio><email>kwelnitzova@ukf.sk</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Jakubickova</surname><given-names>Barbara</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якубичкова</surname><given-names>Барбара</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student at the Department of Translation Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докторант кафедры переводоведения</p></bio><email>baja.jakubickova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Králik</surname><given-names>Roman</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кралик</surname><given-names>Роман</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD., Professor of Philosophy, is President of Kierkegaard Society in Slovakia and Central European Research Institute of Soren Kierkegaard (Sala, Slovakia); senior research fellow at Scientific and Educational Center of Pedagogical Researches at the Kazan (Volga region) Federal University (Kazan, Russia).</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор философии, президент Общества Кьеркегора в Словакии и Центральноевропейского исследовательского института Серена Кьеркегора (Сала, Словакия); старший научный сотрудник Научно-образовательного центра педагогических исследований Казанского федерального университета (Казань, Россия)</p></bio><email>kierkegaard@centrum.cz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Константина Философа в Нитре</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kierkegaard Society in Slovakia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Общество Кьеркегора в Словакии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-03-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 18, NO1 (2021)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 18, №1 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>217</fpage><lpage>234</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-03-30"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Welnitzova K., Jakubickova B., Králik R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Велницова К., Якубичкова Б., Кралик Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Welnitzova K., Jakubickova B., Králik R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Велницова К., Якубичкова Б., Кралик Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/26158">https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/26158</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">Digitalization is one of the key distinctive features of modern environment and social life. Nowadays more and more functions are transferred to the artificial mind. How effective is the replacement of human activity with computer activity? In the given article, this problem is solved by an example of integration of digital technologies into translation activities. It this paper, emphasis is placed on the quality of machine translation (MT) output of legal texts in the language pair English - Slovak. It studies a Criminal Code formulated in the Slovak language which was translated by a human translator into English and consequently via machine translation system Google Translate (GT) back into Slovak. The back-translation - translation of a translated text back into its original language - as a quality assessment tool to detect discrepancies, mistranslations and inevitable differences between the source text and the target text was used. The quality of MT output was evaluated according to Multidimensional Quality Metrics (MQM) standards with the focus on the dimension of ‘Fluency’. The multiple comparisons were applied to determine which issues (errors) in ‘Fluency’ dimension differ from the others. A statistically significant difference is noticed between ‘Agreement’ and other issues, as well as between ‘Ambiguity’ and other issues. The errors in ‘Agreement’ are related to the differences between the languages: English is considered mostly an analytic language, Slovak represents a synthetic language. The issues in the ‘Ambiguity’ dimension correlate with the type of the text being examined, since legal texts are characterized by relatively complicated wording and numerous terms; moreover, accuracy and unambiguity need to be preserved. Generally, the MT output is able to provide users with basic information about the text. On the other hand, most of the segments need revision and/or correction; in such cases, human intervention and post-editing is necessary.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Цифровизация - один из важнейших отличительных признаков современного общества, где все большее количество функций делегируется искусственному интеллекту. Насколько эффективна компьютерная замена человеческой деятельности в разных сферах? В статье эта проблема раскрывается на примере интеграции компьютерных технологий в переводческую деятельность. В центре внимания исследование качества машинного перевода (МП) юридических текстов в языковой паре английский - словацкий. Материалом исследования послужил Уголовный кодекс на словацком языке, переведенный человеком-переводчиком на английский язык, а затем с помощью системы машинного перевода Google Translate (GT) обратно на словацкий. Для оценки качества МП, то есть выявления расхождений, неправильных переводов и неизбежных различий между исходным и целевым (переведенным) текстом, используется метод обратного перевода - перевод уже переведенного текста на исходный язык. Качество МП оценивается в соответствии со стандартами многомерных показателей качества (Multidimensional Quality Metrics, MQM), при этом особое внимание уделяется параметру «Беглость перевода». Для определения ошибок МП, относящихся согласно MQM к параметру «Беглость перевода», частота которых значимо отличается друг от друга, применяется статистический метод множественных сравнений. В результате установлено, что ошибки, связанные с согласованием и неоднозначностью слов, статистически значимо чаще встречаются в МП по сравнению с другими ошибками (например, ошибки, связанные с нарушением порядка слов, пунктуацией, связностью и др.). Большое количество ошибок МП в согласовании слов вызвано межъязыковыми различиями: английский принадлежит к числу аналитических языков, а словацкий - синтетических. Ошибки МП, вызванные многозначностью слов, скорее всего, связаны с типом переводимого текста: для юридических текстов типичны сложные формулировки, обилие специальных терминов; кроме того, к основным требованиям юридического стиля относятся точность и однозначность. Таким образом, машинный перевод может передать пользователю основную информацию, содержащуюся в тексте. В то же время большинство фрагментов текстов, переведенных компьютером, нуждается в доработке и/или исправлении, в таких случаях обязательно вмешательство человека для последующего редактирования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>machine translation</kwd><kwd>translation quality</kwd><kwd>human-computer interaction</kwd><kwd>fluency</kwd><kwd>English</kwd><kwd>Slovak</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>машинный перевод</kwd><kwd>качество перевода</kwd><kwd>взаимодействие человека с компьютером</kwd><kwd>беглость перевода</kwd><kwd>английский язык</kwd><kwd>словацкий язык</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract no. APVV-18-0473 and Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic (ME SR) and of Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS) under the contract no. VEGA – 1/0809/18. The work is performed according to the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal University.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Словацкого агентства исследований и разработок (контракт № APVV-18-0473) и Агентства научных грантов Министерства образования Словацкой Республики (ME SR) и Словацкой академии наук (SAS) (контракт № ВЕГА – 1/0809/18). Работа выполнена в соответствии с Государственной программой повышения конкурентоспособности Казанского федерального университета.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Absolon, J., Munková, D., &amp; Welnitzová, K. (2018). Machine Translation: Translation of the Future? Machine Translation in the Context of the Slovak Language. Praha: Verbum.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Aranberri, N., Labaka, G., Arantza Díaz De, I., et al. (2014). 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