RUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsRUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика2313-16832313-1705Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)2537310.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-4-705-718RUSSIAN APPLIED RESEARCH: PERSPECTIVES FROM POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGYПРИКЛАДНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПРОБЛЕМ ПОЗИТИВНОЙ ПСИХОЛОГИИ: РОССИЙСКИЙ ОПЫТResearch ArticleThe Relationships between Moral Foundations, Social Beliefs and Attitudes towards Economic Inequality among Russian Youth: A Case Study of Altai KraiСвязь морали и социальных верований с отношением к экономическому неравенству у российской молодежи: на примере Алтайского краяSychevOleg A.СычевОлег Анатольевич

Ph.D. in Psychology, is research fellow

кандидат психологических наук, доцент, научный сотрудник

osn1@mail.ruProtasovaIrina N.ПротасоваИрина Николаевна

Ph.D. in Psychology, Associate Professor, is Associate Professor of Chair of Pedagogy and Psychology

кандидат психологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры психологии и педагогики

protasovain@mail.ruShukshin Altai State University for Humanities and PedagogyАлтайский государственный гуманитарно-педагогический университет имени В.М. Шукшина15122020174Contemporary Positive Psychology in Russia and in the WorldСовременная позитивная психология в России и мире70571828122020Copyright ©; 2020, Sychev O.A., Protasova I.N.Copyright ©; 2020, Сычев О.А., Протасова И.Н.2020Sychev O.A., Protasova I.N.Сычев О.А., Протасова И.Н.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/25373

This article presents the results of an empirical study on the relationships between moral foundations, social beliefs and attitudes towards economic inequality among young people. The topic of attitudes towards economic inequality has primarily been considered by sociologists and economists in the context of group differences, while its psychological factors and correlations have remained understudied. Different negative consequences of economic inequality can be mediated by such psychological mechanisms as subjective perception of existing inequality or personal attitudes towards it, which indicate the significance of this problem. In our study, we put forward a hypothesis that attitudes towards economic inequality among young people are related to moral foundations and social beliefs. To test this hypothesis, a study was conducted with a sample of 215 students (21% of the sample were male). The subjects completed The Scales of Dangerous World Beliefs and Jungle World Beliefs by J. Duckitt, The Moral Foundations Questionnaire by J. Graham and colleagues, and The Scale of Beliefs about Inequality by J. Kluegel and E. Smith. One of the objectives of this study was the development of a Russian version of the questionnaire by J. Kluegel and E. Smith, which full version is given in the appendix of the article. The correlations revealed that attitudes towards inequality are related to moral foundations (fairness, purity, and loyalty) and beliefs in a jungle world. Additionally, structural equation modeling has shown that approval of equality and inequality is most closely related to family welfare. Furthermore, this study found that the relationship between attitudes towards inequality and individualizing moral foundations is mediated by beliefs in a jungle world. Thus, sense of fairness and the value of caring for the weak and defenseless is opposed to beliefs in a jungle world and approval of inequality.

В статье приведены результаты эмпирического исследования связи между моральными основаниями, социальными верованиями и отношением к экономическому неравенству. Проблема отношения к экономическому неравенству традиционно рассматривалась преимущественно социологами и экономистами в контексте групповых различий, в то время как его психологические факторы и корреляты остаются недостаточно изученными. Негативные последствия экономического неравенства могут быть опосредованы психологическими механизмами: субъективным восприятием существующего неравенства, отношением к нему, что свидетельствует об актуальности этой проблемы. В исследовании была выдвинута гипотеза о том, что отношение к экономическому неравенству у молодежи связано с моральными основаниями и социальными верованиями. Для ее проверки было проведено исследование на выборке из 215 студентов (21 % мужчин). Испытуемые отвечали на вопросы шкал веры в опасный и конкурентный мир Дж. Даккита, опросника моральных оснований Дж. Грэхема и соавторов, опросника убеждений относительно источников и последствий неравенства в доходах Дж. Клуегеля и Э. Смита. Разработка русскоязычной версии опросника Дж. Клуегеля и Э. Смита, представленной в приложении к статье, стала одной из задач данного исследования. Корреляции показывают, что отношение к неравенству связано с моральными основаниями (справедливости, чистоты и лояльности) и верой в конкурентный мир. С помощью путевого анализа продемонстрировано, что одобрение равенства и неравенства наиболее тесно связано с благосостоянием семьи. Связь отношения к неравенству с индивидуализирующими моральными основаниями опосредована верой в конкурентный мир. Таким образом, чувство справедливости и ценности заботы о слабых и беззащитных противостоят вере в конкурентный мир и одобрению неравенства.

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