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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1683</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1705</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">25371</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-4-671-684</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY: COGNITION AND EDUCATION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОЗИТИВНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПОЗНАНИЯ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cognitive Factors of Life Satisfaction among the Russian Elderly</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Когнитивные факторы удовлетворенности жизнью в пожилом возрасте</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belovol</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беловол</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. in Psychology, is Professor of the Department of Psychology of Personality Development</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат психологических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры психологии развития</p></bio><email>belovol@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boyko</surname><given-names>Zlata V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойко</surname><given-names>Злата Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. in Psychology, is Associate Professor at Department of Management of Nursing Activities of Institute of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>андидат психологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры управления сестринской деятельностью Медицинского института</p></bio><email>boikozv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shurupova</surname><given-names>Elena Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шурупова</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. in Psychology, is psychologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат психологических наук, практический психолог</p></bio><email>shurupovaelena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State Pedagogical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский педагогический государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Psychological-and-Pedagogical Centre for Children and Adolescents “Merry Steps”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Центр психолого-педагогического сопровождения детей и подростков «Веселые шаги»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Contemporary Positive Psychology in Russia and in the World</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Современная позитивная психология в России и мире</issue-title><fpage>671</fpage><lpage>684</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-28"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Belovol E.V., Boyko Z.V., Shurupova E.Y.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Беловол Е.В., Бойко З.В., Шурупова Е.Ю.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belovol E.V., Boyko Z.V., Shurupova E.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беловол Е.В., Бойко З.В., Шурупова Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/25371">https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/25371</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The overall aim of this article was to examine factors related to life satisfaction in old age. There are several approaches to understanding life satisfaction in psychology. Some theories that emphasize objective circumstances as most influential for life satisfaction are commonly labelled bottom-up theories, whereas theories that focus on stable individual characteristics are commonly labelled top-down theories. It is argued that certain personality traits, in particular extraversion and neuroticism, partly determine a person’s satisfaction with life. At the same time, cognitive factors related to life satisfaction are rarely the subject of empirical research. In this study, age, social status (works, does not work, in retirement), type of family (nuclear or extended), and a number of indices of cognitive functioning (cognitive flexibility, memory - short-term and long-term, creativity and thinking) were used as predictor variables of life satisfaction. Ninety-seven respondents aged 50-84 participated in the research, which finds that, along with non-cognitive factors of life satisfaction, cognitive factors play great roles as well. Based on the data obtained, an empirical model of cognitive factors of life satisfaction was constructed. This research demonstrates that all cognitive variables examined (flexibility of thinking, long-term memory, short-term memory, thinking and creativity) make positive contributions to increasing satisfaction; notably the roles of long-term memory and creativity are especially salient. This study also found satisfaction is significantly higher among working older respondents when compared with their non-working colleagues, with the oldest employees the most satisfied. Family status is a factor related to life satisfaction in old age as well, since old people who live with a spouse are more satisfied than those who live in extended families with children and grandchildren. A regression model combined variables from top-down and bottom-up theories. The model includes memory and age as personal characteristics, and family type as a circumstantial predictor for life satisfaction in old age.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В работе изучаются факторы удовлетворенности жизнью в пожилом возрасте. В настоящее время в психологии существует несколько подходов к пониманию этого конструкта. Ряд теорий акцентирует внимание на объективных обстоятельствах как оказывающих основное влияние на удовлетворенность жизнью личности. Такой подход называется «восходящий» (bottom-up). При этом существуют теории, в которых предполагается, что стабильные индивидуальные характеристики личности являются детерминантами удовлетворенности жизнью. Данные теории объединяются в рамках подхода, который получил название «нисходящий» (top-down). Он подразумевает, что определенные черты личности, в частности экстраверсия и нейротизм, определяют удовлетворенность человека жизнью. Однако когнитивные факторы удовлетворенности жизнью редко становятся предметом эмпирических исследований. В настоящем исследовании в качестве предикторов удовлетворенности жизнью на поздних этапах онтогенеза наряду с показателями когнитивного функционирования личности (когнитивная гибкость, память - краткосрочная и долгосрочная, креативность и мышление) использовались такие объективные показатели, как возраст, социальный статус (работает, не работает, на пенсии), тип семьи (нуклеарная или расширенная). В исследовании приняли участие девяносто семь респондентов в возрасте от 50 до 84 лет. Анализ полученных данных показал, что не только некогнитивные факторы, но и когнитивные оказывают существенное влияние на удовлетворенность жизнью в пожилом возрасте. На основе полученных данных была построена эмпирическая модель когнитивных факторов удовлетворенности жизнью. Показано, что все когнитивные переменные (гибкость мышления, долговременная память, кратковременная память, мышление и креативность) имеют положительный вклад в повышение удовлетворенности при ведущей роли долговременной памяти и креативности. Исследование выявило, что степень удовлетворенности значительно выше у работающих пожилых респондентов, чем у их неработающих коллег, при этом наиболее удовлетворенными являются самые пожилые сотрудники (средний возраст этой группы - 76 лет). Семейное положение также является фактором удовлетворенности жизнью в пожилом возрасте. Согласно полученным результатам, пожилые люди, живущие с супругом/супругой и отдельно от детей, более удовлетворены жизнью по сравнению со своими сверстниками, живущими в расширенных семьях с детьми и внуками. Регрессионная модель, построенная с учетом как характеристик личности, так и переменных, отражающих объективные аспекты жизни пожилых людей, объединила переменные из восходящих и нисходящих теорий. В результирующую модель (коэффициент детерминации R 2 = 94,6 %) были включены переменные с коэффициентами на уровне значимости α ˂ 0,05. Остальные переменные были исключены из результирующей модели. В нее вошли память и возраст как индивидуальные особенности и тип семьи как внешний предиктор удовлетворенности жизнью в пожилом возрасте.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>life satisfaction</kwd><kwd>old age</kwd><kwd>cognitive processes</kwd><kwd>top-down theories</kwd><kwd>bottom-up theories</kwd><kwd>predictors for life satisfaction</kwd><kwd>the Russian elderly</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>удовлетворенность жизнью</kwd><kwd>старость</kwd><kwd>когнитивные процессы</kwd><kwd>нисходящие теории</kwd><kwd>восходящие теории</kwd><kwd>предикторы удовлетворенности жизнью</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The reported study was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 18-013-00826.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект № 18-013-00826.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>An, J.S., &amp; Cooney, T.M. 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