RUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsRUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика2313-16832313-1705Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)2471810.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-3-521-541SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY IN CULTURAL DIMENSIONSСОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ В КРОСС-КУЛЬТУРНОМ ИЗМЕРЕНИИResearch ArticleQuestionnaire on Assessing Individual Vulnerability to Cyberbullying: Development and Preliminary ValidationОпросник «Оценка степени незащищенности индивидов от кибербуллинга»: разработка и предварительная валидизацияSheinovViktor P.ШейновВиктор Павлович

D.Sc. in Sociology, Full Professor, is Professor at the Department of Psychology and Pedagogical Excellence

доктор социологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры психологии и педагогического мастерства

sheinov1@mail.ruRepublican Institute of Higher EducationРеспубликанский институт высшей школы15122020173VOL 17, NO3 (2020)ТОМ 17, №3 (2020)52154129092020Copyright ©; 2020, Sheinov V.P.Copyright ©; 2020, Шейнов В.П.2020Sheinov V.P.Шейнов В.П.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/24718

Cyberbullying is manifested in repeated deliberate acts of aggression by one or more persons who use electronic means of communication to attack a victim who cannot defend him- or herself. Cyberbullying is a form of violence through harassment, insults, bullying, humiliation or intimidation carried out using the Internet, mobile phones and other electronic devices. Cyberbullying is widespread and causes severe harm to its victims, having a negative impact on their mental and physical health. The purpose of this study is to develop a reliable and valid questionnaire on assessing individual vulnerability to cyberbullying. The article constructs such a questionnaire and proves that it meets the standard reliability criteria: internal consistency, homogeneity and retest reliability. It is shown that the questionnaire is valid and satisfies the key validity criteria: validation in the process of designing the questionnaire, substantive, constructive and convergent validity. The questionnaire is standardised, the norms for young men and women are given, presented in average values and standard deviations. The theoretical basis of the study is the model of manipulative influence (which includes cyberbullying) and the psychological mechanism of cyberbullying described by this model. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model of the presented questionnaire has good indicators of reliability and statistical consistency. The experimental part of the study involved 307 young men and women at the ages from 17 to 21 years old - students of medical colleges and cadets of the University of the Ministry of Emergencies. The study included two stages of psychodiagnostics of the subjects carried out with an interval of two months. The states of individuals vulnerable to cyberbullying, identified using the questionnaire, are consistent with the results obtained in previous studies. The proposed questionnaire makes it possible to warn an individual about the existing or threatening danger of becoming a victim of cyberbullying. The questionnaire can stimulate the study of cyberbullying in the Russian-speaking society and, in particular, in cross-cultural studies.

Кибербуллинг - это многократные преднамеренные агрессивные действия одного или нескольких лиц, использующих электронные средства связи для агрессии против жертвы, которая не может защититься; это вид насилия посредством преследования, оскорблений, травли, унижения, запугивания, осуществляемых с помощью интернета, мобильных телефонов и других электронных устройств. В последнее время кибербуллинг получил широкое распространение, он причиняет значительный вред своим жертвам, оказывая негативное влияние на их психическое и физическое здоровье. Цель данного исследования - разработка надежного и валидного опросника «Оценка степени незащищенности индивидов от кибербуллинга». В статье представлена процедура конструирования такого опросника и доказано, что он удовлетворяет основным критериям надежности: на внутреннюю согласованность, однородность, ретестовую надежность. Показано, что опросник валиден, так как удовлетворяет ключевым критериям валидности: валидизации в процессе конструирования опросника, содержательной, конструктной и конвергентной валидности. Опросник стандартизован, приведены нормы для юношей и девушек, представленные в средних величинах и показателях стандартного отклонения. Теоретические основой исследования послужила модель манипулятивного воздействия (к разновидностям которого относится и кибербуллинг) и описанный с позиции этой модели психологический механизм воздействия кибербуллинга на личность. Конфирматорный факторный анализ показал, что модель представленного опросника имеет хорошие показатели достоверности и статистической согласованности. В экспериментальной части исследования приняли участие 307 юношей и девушек в возрасте от 17 лет до 21 года - учащиеся медицинских колледжей и курсантов Университета МЧС. Исследование включало два этапа психодиагностики испытуемых, проведенных с интервалом в два месяца. Выявленные с помощью опросника состояния индивидов, незащищенных от кибербуллинга, согласуются с результатами, полученными в предыдущих исследованиях. Предложенный опросник позволяет предупреждать индивидов об имеющей место или грозящей им опасности стать жертвой кибериздевательств. Опросник может стимулировать изучение кибербуллинга в русскоязычном социуме, в частности в кросс-культурных исследованиях.

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