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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-1683</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2313-1705</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">24109</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-2-288-309</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN CULTURAL DIMENSION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ В КРОСС-КУЛЬТУРНОМ ИЗМЕРЕНИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Studies of insomnia psychophysiological aspects and etiopathogenesis: Russian and foreign approaches</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследования психофизиологических аспектов и этиопатогенеза инсомнии: российские и зарубежные подходы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kemstach</surname><given-names>Valeria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кемстач</surname><given-names>Валерия Всеволодовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Professor of Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Aid</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры клинической психологии и психологической помощи</p></bio><email>v.kemstach@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korostovtseva</surname><given-names>Lyudmila S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коростовцева</surname><given-names>Людмила Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, is senior researcher, Somnology Group, Hypertension Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник группы сомнологии научно-исследовательского отдела артериальной гипертензии</p></bio><email>lyudmila_korosto@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekhin</surname><given-names>Anatoly N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алёхин</surname><given-names>Анатолий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, DSc, is Head of Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Aid</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой клинической психологии и психологической помощи</p></bio><email>termez59@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Milovanova</surname><given-names>Anastasiya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Милованова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>second-year student, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Aid</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка второго курса кафедры клинической психологии и психологической помощи</p></bio><email>anastasiya.milovanova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bochkarev</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочкарев</surname><given-names>Михаил Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, is senior researcher, Somnology Group, Hypertension Department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник группы сомнологии научно-исследовательского отдела артериальной гипертензии</p></bio><email>michail_bv@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sviryaev</surname><given-names>Yurii V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свиряев</surname><given-names>Юрий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, DSc, Head, Somnology Group, Hypertension Department, Almazov National Medical Research Centre; Head of Laboratory for Comparative Somnology, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, руководитель группы сомнологии научно-исследовательского отдела артериальной гипертензии, Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова Минздрава России; заведующий лабораторией сравнительной сомнологии и нейроэндокринологии, Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии имени И.М. Сеченова РАН</p></bio><email>yusvyr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный педагогический университет имени А.И. Герцена</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии имени И.М. Сеченова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">PERSONALITY AND CHALLENGES OF MODERN SOCIETY</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ЛИЧНОСТЬ И ВЫЗОВЫ СОВРЕМЕННОГО ОБЩЕСТВА</issue-title><fpage>288</fpage><lpage>309</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-06-27"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Kemstach V.V., Korostovtseva L.S., Alekhin A.N., Milovanova A.V., Bochkarev M.V., Sviryaev Y.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Кемстач В.В., Коростовцева Л.С., Алёхин А.Н., Милованова А.В., Бочкарев М.В., Свиряев Ю.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kemstach V.V., Korostovtseva L.S., Alekhin A.N., Milovanova A.V., Bochkarev M.V., Sviryaev Y.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кемстач В.В., Коростовцева Л.С., Алёхин А.Н., Милованова А.В., Бочкарев М.В., Свиряев Ю.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/24109">https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/24109</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors describe two approaches to the classification of insomnia - one was presented in earlier works, the other is currently accepted in the medical scientific community. The following three models of the etiopathogenesis of insomnia are considered: a 3-P model that identifies predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors as the key ones in the development and chronicity of insomnia; a hyperarousal model that defines psychological and neurobiological hyperarousal as a factor contributing to the development of insomnia; and a sleep reactivity to stress model, according to which the pronounced premorbid sleep reactivity to stress increases the risk of developing insomnia. Hyperarousal and sleep reactivity to stress are supposed to be autonomous yet equally predisposing factors of insomnia which act reciprocally and can simultaneously contribute to the development of stress-induced insomnia. It is noteworthy that the clinical usefulness of the sleep reactivity to stress model can extend beyond the preliminary assessment of the risk of insomnia development and be used for screening patients in remission who may be at increased risk of recurrence in future and should receive supportive treatment to minimise this risk. At present, it remains unclear whether hyperarousal is the core of the disorder, its cause, risk factor, or epiphenomenon. Further investigations are required to clarify the psychological and biological basis of chronic insomnia and confirm its current theoretical and conceptual models.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье описаны подходы к классификации инсомнии - представленный ранее и существующий на данном этапе развития научной мысли. Рассматриваются модели этиопатогенеза инсомнии - модель трех П, выделяющая в качестве ключевых факторов развития и хронизации инсомнии предрасполагающие, провоцирующие и поддерживающие; модель гиперактивации, определяющая психологическую и нейробиологическую гиперактивацию в качестве фактора развития инсомнического расстройства; а также модель реактивности сна к стрессу, согласно которой риск развития инсомнии повышает выраженная преморбидная реактивность сна к стрессу. Гиперактивация и реактивность сна к стрессу, вероятно, являются самостоятельными, но в равной степени предрасполагающими к развитию инсомнии факторами. Также гиперактивация и реактивность сна к стрессу находятся в реципрокных отношениях и способны оказывать одновременное влияние на предрасположенность к стресс-индуцированной инсомнии. Примечательно, что клиническая полезность модели реактивности сна к стрессу может выходить за пределы предварительной оценки риска возникновения бессонницы и касаться выявления пациентов на стадии ремиссии, подверженных повышенному риску рецидива в будущем. В связи с этим даже после успешного лечения возможно уменьшить риск рецидива путем постоянного поддерживающего лечения у пациентов, перенесших бессонницу и продолжающих демонстрировать повышенный уровень реактивности сна к стрессу. На данном этапе остается неясным, является ли гиперактивация ядром расстройства, причиной, фактором риска или эпифеноменом бессонницы. Необходимы исследования, чтобы прояснить психологические и биологические основы хронической инсомнии и подтвердить ее современные теоретические и концептуальные модели.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>insomnia disorder</kwd><kwd>stress-induced insomnia</kwd><kwd>psychophysiological aspects of insomnia</kwd><kwd>etiopathogenesis of insomnia</kwd><kwd>sleep reactivity to stress</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инсомническое расстройство</kwd><kwd>стресс-индуцированная инсомния</kwd><kwd>психофизиологические аспекты инсомнии</kwd><kwd>этиопатогенез инсомнии</kwd><kwd>реактивность сна к стрессу</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project No. 20-013-00874.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке Гранта РФФИ № 20-013-00874.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Academy of Sleep Medicine. 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