RUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsRUDN Journal of Psychology and PedagogicsВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Психология и педагогика2313-16832313-1705Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)2280810.22363/2313-1683-2019-16-4-540-559SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGYСОЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ И ПСИХОЛОГИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИResearch ArticleTypes of Attitudes toward Traits and Their Role in Selfand Other AssessmentsТипы установок на черты и их роль в самооценке и оценке Другого8439-0852BalevaMilena V.БалеваМилена Валерьевна

Ph.D. in Psychology, is Associate Professor at Developmental Psychology Department

кандидат психологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры психологии развития

milenabaleva@yandex.ru7559-3205PolyaninaOlga I.ПолянинаОльга Ивановна

Ph.D. in Psychology, is Associate Professor at Developmental Psychology Department

кандидат психологических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры психологии развития

helgapol72@gmail.com6609-2405SmirnovaIrina V.СмирноваИрина Владимировна

senior lecturer at Institute of Culture and Arts

старший преподаватель Института культуры и искусств

smirnovai@mgpu.ruPerm State UniversityПермский государственный национальный исследовательский университетMoscow City UniversityМосковский городской педагогический университет15122019164VOL 16, NO4 (2019)ТОМ 16, №4 (2019)54055904022020Copyright ©; 2019, Baleva M.V., Polyanina O.I., Smirnova I.V.Copyright ©; 2019, Балева М.В., Полянина О.И., Смирнова И.В.2019Baleva M.V., Polyanina O.I., Smirnova I.V.Балева М.В., Полянина О.И., Смирнова И.В.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/psychology-pedagogics/article/view/22808

The study integrates the experimental and descriptive approaches to the attitudes. The assumptions that the emotional, cognitive and behavioral components of attitudes toward personality traits, as well as the types of these attitudes mediate the selfand the Other assessments are under consideration. The study involved 314 students aged 18 to 30 years old (M = 20.23; SD = 1.59), of which 79 men (25%) and 235 women (75%). To measure attitudes toward traits, as well as the selfand the Other assessments, a list of 20 antonymic adjectives denoting personality characteristics was used. The objects of perception were young man and woman who answered the questions of the Short Dark Triad Questionnaire as an absolutely “good” or “bad” person. Using cluster analysis, different types of attitudes toward traits were highlighted within each component (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral). These types were determined by the participants’ position in relation to positive and negative traits. The attained results indicate that the subject’s self-esteem depends on the attitudes toward traits and detects different severity depending on the attitudes type. The highest self-esteem is observed in those subjects who: 1) consider that positive traits are more common than negative; 2) give highly contrast emotional ratings to positive and negative traits; 3) believe that positive traits are less controlled than negative ones. The assessment of the Other also reveals a connection with the types of the attitudes toward traits: the “good” Other is rated higher when the emotional attitudes toward traits are highly contrast, while the “bad” Other is rated higher when: 1) the negative traits are treated as more common; 2) the contrast between positive and negative traits is perceived as moderate. The results obtained open up the new perspectives for the correction of the selfand the Other assessments through the formation of attitudes toward traits.

В исследовании осуществляется интеграция экспериментального и дескриптивного подходов к изучению аттитюдов. Тестируется предположение о том, что выраженность эмоционального, когнитивного и поведенческого компонентов установок на черты, а также типы этих установок опосредуют оценки себя и Другого по данным чертам. В исследовании приняли участие 314 студентов в возрасте от 18 до 30 лет (М = 20,23; SD = 1,59), из них 79 мужчин (25 %) и 235 женщин (75 %). Для измерения установок на черты, самооценки и оценки Другого использовался список из 20 антонимичных прилагательных, обозначающих личностные характеристики. В качестве объектов восприятия выступали персонажи видеоинтервью (юноша или девушка), которые отвечали на вопросы Короткого опросника Темной триады как абсолютно «хорошая» или «плохая» личность. С помощью кластерного анализа в рамках каждого компонента (когнитивного, эмоционального и поведенческого) были выделены типы установок на черты, определяемые спецификой отношения участников к положительным и отрицательным чертам. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что самооценка субъекта обнаруживает разную выраженность в зависимости от типа установок на черты. Наиболее высокая самооценка наблюдается на фоне представлений о широкой распространенности положительных и редкой - отрицательных черт, максимально контрастной эмоциональной оценке положительных и отрицательных черт, а также убежденности в высокой подконтрольности положительных и низкой - отрицательных черт. Оценка Другого также обнаруживает связи с типами установок на черты. «Хороший» Другой оценивается более высоко при наиболее контрастном эмоциональном отношении к чертам, а «плохой» Другой - при убежденности в более широкой распространенности отрицательных черт по сравнению с положительными и при наименее контрастном эмоциональном отношении к ним. Полученные результаты открывают новые перспективы коррекции самоотношения и отношения к Другому через формирование установок на черты.

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