Polylinguality and Transcultural PracticesPolylinguality and Transcultural PracticesПолилингвиальность и транскультурные практики2618-897X2618-8988Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)2685910.22363/2618-897X-2021-18-2-165-175LITERARY SPACEХудожественное измерениеResearch ArticleRussian Classics in the USA Transcultural CanonРусская классика в транскультурном каноне СШАButeninaEvgeniya M.БутенинаЕвгения Михайловна

Doctor of Science, Professor, Linguistics and Intercultural Communication Department

доктор филологических наук, профессор кафедры лингвистики и межкультурной коммуникации

butenina.em@dvfu.ruFar Eastern Federal UniversityДальневосточный федеральный университет28062021182VOL 18, NO2 (2021)ТОМ 18, №2 (2021)16517528062021Copyright ©; 2021, Butenina E.M.Copyright ©; 2021, Бутенина Е.М.2021Butenina E.M.Бутенина Е.М.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/polylinguality/article/view/26859

The issue of the canon (the most studied and taught classics) is one of the most important in the world literature system. The paper briefly outlines the formation of the USA literary canon since the middle of the 19th century and details the formation of the Russian segment in the transcultural canon since the late 20th century. In the history of the USA canon formation, the institutional or sociological model (Jonathan Culler, Stanley Fish, Paul Lauter), which argues that social institutions respond to ideological demands, and the aesthetic model embodied by Harold Bloom’s Shakespeare-centered “Western Canon” stand out. An up-to-date approach to the canon assumes taking both models into account, as well as the perception of the canon as cultural memory. Anthologies are most important sources of documenting the canon. For the 20th century American literature researchers distinguish three phases formed by the leading literary trends: historiographic (1919-1946), new critical (1947-1967) and multicultural (1967- present). Based on the analysis of Norton and Longman anthologies, as well as a popular textbook The Bedford Introduction to Literature since the late 20th century to the present, the paper highlights the Russian core in the USA transcultural canon, which became the source of creative reinterpretation in contemporary literature. The present research is to be continued through the study of the Russian literature canon in specialized editions to outline a comprehensive history of the Russian-American cultural transfer.

Проблема канона - избранной части классики, наиболее широко изучаемой и преподаваемой в учебных заведениях, - относится к важнейшим в системе мировой литературы. В статье кратко рассматривается становление литературного канона США с середины XIX века и более подробно - формирование русского сегмента в транскультурном варианте канона с конца ХХ века. В истории формирования национального канона США выделяются институциональная, или социологическая, модель (Джонатан Каллер, Стенли Фиш, Пол Лаутер), согласно которой социальные институции реагируют на идеологические запросы, и модель эстетическая, воплощенная шекспироцентричным «Западным каноном» Гарольда Блума. Актуальный подход к канону предполагает учитывание обеих моделей, а также восприятие канона как памяти культуры. Важнейшим средством документирования канона являются учебные антологии. На их материале в американской литературе ХХ века исследователи выделяют три фазы, сформированные ведущими литературно-критическими тенденциями: историографической (1919- 1946), новокритической (1947-1967) и мультикультурной (1967 - настоящее время). На основе анализа Нортонской и Лонгмановской антологий, а также популярного учебника-хрестоматии «Бедфордское введение в литературу» с конца ХХ века по настоящее время в статье выделяется ядро русского сегмента в транскультурном каноне США, послужившее объектом художественной реинтерпретации в современной литературе США. Естественным продолжением представленного в работе исследования станет изучение канона русской литературы в специализированных изданиях для выявления целостной картины русско-американского культурного трансфера.

canonRussian classicsUSA literaturecultural transferканонрусская классикалитература СШАкультурный трансферAnderson, B. 1983. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso. Print.Anderson B. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism / B. Anderson. London: Verso, 1983. 224 р.Goldmann, L. 1964. The Hidden God: A Study of Tragic Vision in the Pensées of Pascal and the Tragedies of Racine. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Print.Goldmann L. The Hidden God: A Study of Tragic Vision in the Pensées of Pascal and the Tragedies of Racine. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1964.Huxley, A. 1959. Texts and Pretexts. London: Chatto & Windus. Print.Huxley A. Texts and Pretexts. London: Chatto & Windus, 1959.Leavis, F.R. 1948. The Great Tradition: George Eliot, Henry James, Joseph Conrad. New York: G.W. Stewart. Print.Leavis F.R. The Great Tradition: George Eliot, Henry James, Joseph Conrad. New York: G.W. Stewart, 1948.Benedict, B.M. 1996. Making the Modern Reader: Cultural Mediation in Early Modern Literary Anthologies. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press. Print.Benedict B.M. Making the Modern Reader: Cultural Mediation in Early Modern Literary Anthologies. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1996.The Invention of Tradition. 1983. Eds. E. Hobsbawm, T. Rangers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Print.The Invention of Tradition / E. Hobsbawm, T. Rangers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.Brubaker, R. 1992. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Print.Brubaker R. Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany / R. Brubaker. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.Hobsbawm, E. 1990. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Print.Hobsbawm E. Nations and Nationalism since 1780: Programme, Myth, Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.Gellner, E. 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell. Print.Gellner E. Nations and Nationalism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1983.Wolff, J. 1981. The Social Production of Art. New York: New York University Press. Print.Wolff J. The Social Production of Art / J. Wolff. New York: New York University Press, 1981.Douglas, L.P. 1988. “The Eighteenth Century Invents the Canon”. Modern Language Studies 18: 17—37. Print.Douglas L.P. The Eighteenth Century Invents the Canon // Modern Language Studies. 1988. № 18. Р. 17-37.Court, F.E. 1992. Institutionalizing English Literature: The Culture and Politics of Literary Study, 1750—1900. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Print.Court F.E. Institutionalizing English Literature: The Culture and Politics of Literary Study, 1750- 1900. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992.Corse, S.M. 1997. Nationalism and Literature. The Politics of Culture in Canada and the United States. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Print.Corse S.M. Nationalism and Literature. The Politics of Culture in Canada and the United States. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1997.Hubbell, J.B. 1972. Who Are the Major American Writers? A Study of the Changing Literary Canon. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. Print.Hubbell J.B. Who Are the Major American Writers? A Study of the Changing Literary Canon. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1972.Lauter, P.A. 1981. “Small Survey of Introductory Courses in American Literature”. Women’s Studies Quarterly 1981: 9—12. Print.Lauter P. A Small Survey of Introductory Courses in American Literature // Women’s Studies Quarterly. 1981. Р. 9-12.Guillory, J. 1993. Cultural Capital: The Problem of Literary Canon Formation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Print.Guillory J. Cultural Capital: The Problem of Literary Canon Formation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.Tompkins, J. 1985. Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction 1790—1860. New York: Oxford University Press. Print.Tompkins J. Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction 1790-1860. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.Fowler, A. 1979. “Genre and the Literary Canon”. New Literary History 11(1): 97—99. Print.Fowler A. Genre and the Literary Canon // New Literary History. 1979. Vol. 11. No. 1. Р. 97-99.Golding, A. 1995. From Outlaw to Classic: Canons in American Poetry. Madison: Wisconsin University Press. Print.Golding A. From Outlaw to Classic: Canons in American Poetry. Madison: Wisconsin University Press, 1995.Gronas, M. 2001. “Bezymyannoe uznavaemoe, ili kanon pod mikroskopom”. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie 51: 68—69. Print.Гронас М. Безымянное узнаваемое, или Канон под микроскопом // Новое литературное обозрение. 2001. № 51. С. 68-69.Tsennosti, kanony, tseny: Tekst kak sredstvo mezhkul’turnogo obmena. 2005. VII Fulbraitovsk humanitarian summer school Proceedings. Ed. by T.D. Venediktova. Moscow: Izdatel’stvo MGU. Print. (In Russ.)Ценности, каноны, цены: текст как средство межкультурного обмена: материалы VII Фулбрайтовской гуманитарной летней школы / ред. Т.Д. Венедиктова. М.: Издательство МГУ, 2005.Khrestomatiinye teksty: russkaya pedagogicheskaya praktika XIX v. i poeticheskii kanon. 2013. Acta Slavica Estonica IV. Trudy po russkoi i slavyanskoi filologii. Ed. by A. Vdovin, R. Leibov. Tartu: University of Tartu Press. Print. (In Russ.)Хрестоматийные тексты: русская педагогическая практика XIX в. и поэтический канон. Acta Slavica Estonica IV. Труды по русской и славянской филологии / ред. А. Вдовин, Р. Лейбов. Тарту: University of Tartu Press, 2013.Gronas, M. 2001. “Dissensus. Voina za kanon v amerikanskoi akademii 80-kh — 90-kh godov”. Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie 51: 6—18. Print. (In Russ.)Гронас М. Диссенсус. Война за канон в американской академии 80-х - 90-х годов // Новое литературное обозрение. 2001. № 51. С. 6-18.Csicsila, J. 2004. Canons by Consensus. Critical Trends and American Literature Anthologies. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press. Print.Csicsila J. Canons by Consensus. Critical Trends and American Literature Anthologies. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2004.Lauter, P. 1991. Canons and Contexts. New York: Oxford University Press. Print.Lauter P. Canons and Contexts. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.Delazari, I.A. 2016. “Ontologiya antologii: sovremennaya amerikanskaya proza po versii izdatel’stva «NORTON»”. Literatura dvukh Amerik 1: 265—286. Print. (In Russ.)Делазари И.А. Онтология антологии: современная американская проза по версии издательства “NORTON” // Литература двух Америк. 2016. № 1. С. 265-286.The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces: Expanded Edition in One Volume. 1997. Ed. by M. Mack. New York: Norton. Print.The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces: Expanded Edition in One Volume / Ed. M. Mack. New York: Norton, 1997.The Norton Anthology of World Literature. 2018. Vol. E. Ed. by M. Puchner et al. New York: Norton. Print.The Norton Anthology of World Literature. Vol. E. / M. Puchner et al. New York: Norton, 2018.The Norton Anthology of Western Literature. Vol. 2. / M. Puchner et al. New York: Norton, 2014. 2816 r.The Norton Anthology of Western Literature. Vol. 2. / M. Puchner et al. New York: Norton, 2014.The Norton Introduction to Literature. 2016. Ed. by K.J. Mays. New York: Norton. Print.The Norton Introduction to Literature / K.J. Mays. New York: Norton, 2016.The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 2016. Ed. by M. Meyer. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin’s Press. Print.The Bedford Introduction to Literature / M. Meyer. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin’s Press, 2016.The Bedford Introduction to Literature. 1993. Ed. by M. Meyer. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin’s Press. Print.The Bedford Introduction to Literature / M. Meyer. Boston: Bedford Books of St. Martin’s Press, 1993.One World of Literature. 1993. Eds. S.G. Lim, N.A. Spencer. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Print.One World of Literature / S.G. Lim, N.А. Spencer. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1993.The Longman Anthology of World Literature. 2004. Vol. E: The Nineteenth Century. Ed. by D. Damrosch. London: Pearson Longman. Print.The Longman Anthology of World Literature. Vol. E: The Nineteenth Century / D. Damrosch. London: Pearson Longman, 2004.Longman Anthology of World Literature: The Compact Edition. 2007. Ed. by D. Damrosch. London: Pearson Longman. Print.Longman Anthology of World Literature: The Compact Edition / D. Damrosch. London: Pearson Longman, 2007.Kurian, G.T. 2003. Timetables of World Literature. New York: Facts on File. Print.Kurian G.T. Timetables of World Literature. New York: Facts on File, 2003.Reference Guide to World Literature. 2003. Vol. 1. Eds. S. Pendergast, T. Pendergast. Detroit: St. James Press (Gale Group, Inc.). Print.Reference Guide to World Literature / S. Pendergast, T. Pendergast. Detroit: St. James Press (Gale Group, Inc.), 2003. Vol. 1. Authors.Gale Contextual Encyclopedia of World Literature. 2009. Eds. A.M. Hacht, D.D. Hayes. Detroit: Gale Cengage Learning. Print.Gale Contextual Encyclopedia of World Literature / A. M. Hacht, D. D. Hayes. (eds). Detroit: Gale Cengage Learning. 2009.Now Read On: A Course in Multicultural Reading. 1999. Eds. J. McRae, M.E. Vethamani. London; New York: Routledge. Print.Now Read On: A Course in Multicultural Reading / J. McRae, M.E. Vethamani. London; New York: Routledge, 1999.Butenina, E.M. 2015. “Tri amerikanskie variatsii «Damy s sobachkoi»”. Sotsial’nye i gumanitarnye nauki na Dal’nem Vostoke 1: 100—104. Print. (In Russ.)Бутенина Е.М. Три американские вариации «Дамы с собачкой» // Социальные и гуманитарные науки на Дальнем Востоке. 2015. № 1. С. 100-104.Butenina, E.M. 2018. «Chuzhoe slovo prostupaet…»: Retseptsiya russkoi klassiki v proze SShA vtoroi poloviny KhKh — nachala KhXI veka. Moscow: FLINTA. Print. (In Russ.)Бутенина Е.М. «Чужое слово проступает…»: рецепция русской классики в прозе США второй половины ХХ - начала ХXI века. М.: ФЛИНТА, 2018.