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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Polylinguality and Transcultural Practices</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Полилингвиальность и транскультурные практики</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2618-897X</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8988</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16564</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8011-2017-14-2-253-259</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LANGUAGE CONSCIOUSNESS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Языковое сознание</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">COGNITION AND LANGUAGE (USING THE EXAMPLE OF TRANSLATION BETWEEN RUSSIAN AND TURKISH)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>МЫШЛЕНИЕ И ЯЗЫК(НА ПРИМЕРЕ РУССКОГО И ТУРЕЦКОГО ЯЗЫКОВ)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhigulskaya</surname><given-names>Daria V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жигульская</surname><given-names>Д В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">PhD in History, IAAS MSU</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">кандидат исторических наук ИСАА МГУ</bio><email>daria.zhigulskaya@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Institute of Asian and African Studies Moscow State University (MSU)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт стран Азии и Африки МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 14, NO2 (2017)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 14, №2 (2017)</issue-title><fpage>253</fpage><lpage>259</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-09-06"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Zhigulskaya D.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Жигульская Д.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhigulskaya D.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жигульская Д.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/polylinguality/article/view/16564">https://journals.rudn.ru/polylinguality/article/view/16564</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en">This article discusses the relationship between cognition and language.According to the cognitive linguistics approach, the study of language is the study of language use. The languages of the world vary dramatically. They encode fundamentally different logics and structures. This paper also focuses on the phenomenon of linguistic pictures of the world, and using the Russian and Turkish languages as an example, demonstrates that absolute equivalence in translation is never possible. The results of the analysis of this issue has shown, that language does not “represent” meaning, but instead constructs meaning in particular contexts with particular cultural models and cognitive resources, while translation is the replacement of the signs encoding a message by signs from another code.The difficulties of translating from Russian to Turkish and vice versa are primarily due to the dissimilar nature of the two languages. However,the difficulty of translation does not only exist between distinctively different languages. Surprisingly, even more complexity may sometimes arise when translating between two languages within the same family with much in common.Thus, one may conclude that languages are structuring structures, which influence the way people think, and create linguistic habits for language users, resulting in fundamentally different ways of understanding the world.</abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">В статье рассматривается взаимосвязь языка и человеческого мышления. Между языками существуют кардинальные отличия, выраженные в непохожих структурах и особой языковой логике. Это приводит к отличному восприятию мира представителями разных культур и язы-ковых традиций. В статье внимание уделяется также феномену языковых картин мира, и на примере русского и турецкого языков, демонстрируется, что абсолютная идентичность в пере-воде вряд ли возможна.Языки не «отражают» значения, а, напротив, создают их в соответствии с особенными «культурными контекстами» и когнитивными ресурсами. Перевод, в свою очередь, является замещением одних знаков с «закодированными» в них значениями на знаки другого культур-ного кода.Можно заключить, что язык - это структурирующая структура. Языки влияют на образ мышления людей и формируют лингвистические привычки для их носителей.</trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>turkology</kwd><kwd>cognition</kwd><kwd>cognitive linguistics</kwd><kwd>linguistic pictures of the world</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тюркология</kwd><kwd>мышление</kwd><kwd>когнитивная лингвистика</kwd><kwd>языковые картины мира</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Miller G.A. The Cognitive Revolution: A Historical Perspective / TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences. 2003. Vol. 7. № 3. Pp. 141-144.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Friedenberg J., Silverman G. Cognitive science. An introduction to the study of mind. 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